bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swimming motility
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium. [GOC:cilia, PMID:18461074]
Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swimming motility is a complex and highly regulated process that enables bacteria to move through liquid environments. This form of motility is powered by the rotation of helical flagella, filamentous appendages that extend from the bacterial cell surface. The flagella are composed of multiple proteins, including flagellin, which forms the filament, and hook protein, which connects the filament to the basal body. The basal body is embedded in the cell envelope and acts as a motor that drives flagellar rotation.
The rotation of the flagella is powered by a proton motive force, which is generated by the movement of protons across the bacterial cell membrane. The protons flow through a channel in the basal body, generating torque that rotates the flagellar filament. The direction of rotation can be switched, allowing bacteria to change direction.
The process of flagellar assembly and rotation is tightly regulated. The flagellar genes are expressed in a hierarchical manner, with the genes for the basal body being expressed first, followed by the genes for the hook and filament. The assembly of the flagellum is a complex process that involves the interaction of multiple proteins.
The flagellar motor is highly efficient, converting proton motive force into rotational energy with minimal energy loss. The flagellar filament is also highly optimized for swimming, with a helical shape that allows for efficient movement through viscous fluids.
The ability to swim is essential for bacteria to survive in many environments. Swimming allows bacteria to disperse, find food, and avoid harmful conditions. In some cases, swimming motility is also involved in virulence, allowing bacteria to invade host tissues.
Swimming motility is a remarkable example of biological complexity and efficiency. The flagellar motor is a marvel of engineering, and the process of flagellar assembly and rotation is a testament to the precision of biological processes.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Chemotaxis protein CheA | A chemotaxis protein CheA that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07363] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| luteolin | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |