Target type: biologicalprocess
The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during mitosis. [GOC:mah]
Mitotic sister chromatid cohesion at the centromere is a crucial process ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. This cohesion is mediated by the cohesin complex, a ring-shaped protein structure that encircles sister chromatids. The cohesin complex is loaded onto DNA during DNA replication and remains associated with sister chromatids until their separation in anaphase. At the centromere, a specialized region of the chromosome responsible for kinetochore formation and microtubule attachment, cohesin interacts with specialized proteins like CENP-A and CENP-C. This interaction strengthens cohesion at the centromere, preventing premature separation of sister chromatids and ensuring their proper alignment on the mitotic spindle. During prophase, cohesin is gradually removed from chromosome arms, but its presence is maintained at the centromere, ensuring sister chromatid cohesion at this critical region. Upon entry into anaphase, the enzyme separase cleaves the cohesin complex, allowing the separation of sister chromatids and their segregation to daughter cells. This precisely regulated process of cohesion establishment, maintenance, and removal at the centromere is critical for preserving genomic integrity and ensuring proper chromosome segregation during cell division.'
"
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| N-alpha-acetyltransferase 50 | An N-alpha-acetyltransferase 50 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9GZZ1] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| coenzyme a | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| acetyl coenzyme a | Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. | acyl-CoA | acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite |