Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. [GOC:mah]
Cellular response to anoxia is a complex process that involves a cascade of biochemical and physiological events designed to maintain cell survival in the absence of oxygen. Here is a detailed description:
1. **Initial Sensing and Signaling:**
* **Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs):** When oxygen levels drop, HIFs, particularly HIF-1α, accumulate and activate gene expression, leading to the production of proteins that help the cell cope with oxygen deprivation.
* **Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS):** The lack of oxygen triggers an increase in ROS production, which can activate signaling pathways involved in cellular stress response and damage repair.
2. **Metabolic Adaptations:**
* **Glycolysis:** Cells switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic glycolysis, producing ATP (energy) at a much lower rate but without the need for oxygen.
* **Glucose Uptake and Utilization:** Glucose uptake increases to fuel glycolysis.
* **Lactate Production:** The end product of anaerobic glycolysis is lactate, which is released from the cell.
3. **Cellular Protection Mechanisms:**
* **Protein Synthesis Reduction:** Protein synthesis slows down to conserve energy.
* **Apoptosis Inhibition:** Initially, the cell attempts to suppress apoptosis (programmed cell death) to prolong survival.
* **Autophagy Induction:** Autophagy, a process where cells break down and recycle their own components, may be activated to provide energy and remove damaged organelles.
4. **Vascular Response:**
* **Vasodilation:** Anoxia can cause vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) in an attempt to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the affected area.
5. **Cellular Fate:**
* **Adaptation:** If the anoxic condition is temporary, cells may adapt and survive.
* **Injury and Death:** If the anoxia is prolonged, cells may suffer irreversible damage and die.
The exact response and outcomes of cellular anoxia vary depending on the cell type, the severity and duration of the oxygen deprivation, and the overall health of the organism.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase | An elongation factor 2 kinase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00418] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
rottlerin | rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1); | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
nh 125 | NH 125: structure in first source | ||
a-484954 | A-484954: eEF2K inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
entrectinib | entrectinib : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by [4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamino)benzoyl]amino and 3,5-difluorobenzyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, ROS1, and ALK (IC50 values of 0.1 to 1.7 nM), and used for the treatment of NTRK, ROS1 and ALK gene fusion-positive solid tumours. entrectinib: inhibits TRK, ROS1, and ALK receptor tyrosine kinases; structure in first source | benzamides; difluorobenzene; indazoles; N-methylpiperazine; oxanes; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
nms p937 | NMS P937: a polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
nms-p118 | NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
nms-e973 | NMS-E973: structure in first source |