cellular response to antibiotic
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. [GOC:mah]
Cellular response to antibiotic is a complex process that involves a cascade of events triggered by the interaction of the antibiotic with its target within the bacterial cell. The specific response varies depending on the antibiotic, its mechanism of action, and the bacterial species. However, several general steps are involved:
1. **Antibiotic Binding:** The antibiotic binds to its target molecule. This could be a specific enzyme, a ribosome, or even the bacterial cell wall.
2. **Target Inhibition:** The binding of the antibiotic inhibits the function of the target molecule. For example, penicillin inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, while aminoglycosides bind to ribosomes and block protein synthesis.
3. **Cellular Stress Response:** The inhibition of the target molecule triggers a cellular stress response in the bacterium. This may involve the production of stress-response proteins, changes in gene expression, or the activation of repair mechanisms.
4. **Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms:** Bacteria may develop resistance mechanisms to counteract the antibiotic. These mechanisms can include mutations in the target molecule, efflux pumps that remove the antibiotic from the cell, or the production of enzymes that degrade the antibiotic.
5. **Cell Death or Survival:** If the antibiotic successfully disrupts essential cellular processes and the bacterial cell is unable to overcome the stress, it will eventually die. However, if the bacteria develop resistance mechanisms or the antibiotic concentration is insufficient, the cell may survive.
The cellular response to antibiotics is crucial for understanding the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment and the development of antibiotic resistance. It is also a key area of research for developing new antibiotics and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Cytosolic phospholipase A2 | A cytosolic phospholipase A2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47712] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 | A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P19634] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (16)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| ethylisopropylamiloride | ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group. ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source | aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker |
| ici 204,219 | zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
| benzotriazole | benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring. benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid | benzotriazoles | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| amiloride | amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705) | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| amiloride hydrochloride | amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride. | hydrate | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| cariporide | cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| arachidonyltrifluoromethane | AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2 | fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound | EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor |
| amentoflavone | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite | |
| ochnaflavone | ochnaflavone : A biflavonoid with an ether linkage between the B-rings of the apigenin and luteolin subunits. It has been isolated from several members of the Ochnaceae plant family. ochnaflavone: from Lonicera japonica; structure given in first source | aromatic ether; biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherogenic agent; antibacterial agent; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; plant metabolite |
| eniporide | eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source | ||
| zoniporide | zoniporide: inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) | ||
| efipladib | efipladib: structure in first source | ||
| sabiporide | sabiporide: a NHE-1 inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent; structure in first source | ||
| methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate | phosphonic ester | ||
| pyrrophenone | pyrrophenone: structure in first source | ||
| (5-(2-methoxy-5-chloro-5-phenyl)furan-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidine | (5-(2-methoxy-5-chloro-5-phenyl)furan-2-ylcarbonyl)guanidine: KR-32570 possesses potent cardioprotective effects in perfused rat hearts, and its effects may be mediated by inhibition of NHE-1, preservation of high-energy phosphates, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation |