response to biotin

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus. [GOC:sl]

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for various metabolic processes in the body. It serves as a cofactor for carboxylases, enzymes crucial for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids.

The response to biotin begins with its absorption from the gut. Biotin is transported in the blood bound to proteins and taken up by cells via specific transporters. Once inside the cell, biotin is incorporated into apocarboxylases, converting them into active holocarboxylases. These holocarboxylases catalyze carboxylation reactions, where a carbon dioxide molecule is added to a substrate.

Here's a breakdown of the key biological processes involved in the response to biotin:

**1. Carbohydrate metabolism:** Biotin is essential for the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a crucial step in the gluconeogenesis pathway. This pathway allows the body to synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Biotin is also involved in the metabolism of other carbohydrates, such as glycogen.

**2. Fatty acid metabolism:** Biotin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of fatty acids, particularly in the elongation of fatty acid chains. It is also involved in the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation.

**3. Amino acid metabolism:** Biotin is required for the metabolism of certain amino acids, such as leucine and isoleucine. It is also involved in the synthesis of the amino acid valine.

**4. Gene expression:** Biotin has been shown to affect gene expression, influencing the transcription and translation of specific genes involved in various metabolic pathways.

**5. Cell growth and development:** Biotin is essential for cell growth and development, particularly in the development of the nervous system, skin, and hair.

**6. Immune function:** Biotin is involved in the production of antibodies, which are essential for the immune response.

**7. Other functions:** Biotin has been linked to various other biological processes, including the maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and nails. It also plays a role in the synthesis of hormones and neurotransmitters.

Overall, the response to biotin is a complex process involving various metabolic pathways, gene expression, and cellular functions. Biotin deficiency can lead to a range of health issues, including skin rashes, hair loss, fatigue, and neurological problems. Therefore, it is essential to obtain sufficient biotin through diet or supplementation to maintain optimal health.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (4)