Page last updated: 2024-10-24

protein delipidation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein. [GOC:ai]

Protein delipidation is a crucial biological process that removes lipids from proteins, playing a significant role in various cellular functions. This process is essential for maintaining protein integrity, regulating protein activity, and facilitating protein trafficking.

**Mechanisms of Protein Delipidation:**

1. **Enzymatic Hydrolysis:** Specific enzymes, such as lipases, phospholipases, and acyltransferases, catalyze the breakdown of lipid molecules attached to proteins. These enzymes recognize and cleave specific lipid bonds, releasing free fatty acids or other lipid components.

2. **Non-enzymatic Mechanisms:** Some proteins undergo delipidation through non-enzymatic processes, such as spontaneous hydrolysis or interactions with other molecules that disrupt lipid-protein interactions.

**Biological Significance of Protein Delipidation:**

1. **Protein Folding and Stability:** Lipids can interfere with proper protein folding and stability, leading to misfolding and aggregation. Delipidation removes these interfering lipids, allowing proteins to fold correctly and maintain their functional conformation.

2. **Protein Activity Regulation:** Delipidation can regulate protein activity by altering the conformation or binding properties of the protein. For instance, the removal of specific lipids can activate or deactivate enzymes or receptors.

3. **Protein Trafficking:** Lipids can act as targeting signals, guiding proteins to specific cellular compartments. Delipidation can modify these signals, directing proteins to different locations within the cell.

4. **Membrane Dynamics:** Delipidation plays a crucial role in membrane dynamics, affecting the fluidity and stability of cellular membranes.

**Examples of Protein Delipidation:**

1. **Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL):** LPL is an enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides from lipoproteins, releasing fatty acids for energy production.

2. **Acyl-CoA Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT):** ACAT is involved in the esterification of cholesterol, a process that requires the removal of fatty acids from cholesterol esters.

3. **Protein Kinase C (PKC):** PKC is activated by the binding of diacylglycerol (DAG), a lipid molecule. Delipidation removes DAG from PKC, leading to its inactivation.

**Conclusion:**

Protein delipidation is a vital biological process with diverse functions, influencing protein structure, activity, trafficking, and membrane dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms and implications of delipidation is essential for comprehending cellular processes and developing therapeutic strategies for lipid-related diseases.'
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Proteins (4)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Cysteine protease ATG4BA cysteine protease ATG4B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1]Homo sapiens (human)
Cysteine protease ATG4BA cysteine protease ATG4B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y4P1]Homo sapiens (human)
Cysteine protease ATG4AA cysteine protease ATG4A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WYN0]Homo sapiens (human)
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-6An NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8N6T7]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (19)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
niacinamidenicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3
anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
pyrazinamidepyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines
antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazinoic acidpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.

pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure
pyrazinecarboxylic acidantitubercular agent;
drug metabolite
aurintricarboxylic acidaurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.

Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
hypericin
tioconazole1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.

tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine: structure in first source
zpckZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin
rubimaillinrubimaillin : A benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.

rubimaillin: structure given in first source
benzochromene;
methyl ester;
phenols
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
5-chloropyrazinamide
trichostatin atrichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCESantibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
(3R,5S)-fluvastatin(3R,5S)-fluvastatin : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have R and S configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid;
statin (synthetic)
n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-n'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ureaN-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea: structure in first source
benzoylacrylic acidbenzoylacrylic acid: structure in first source
nsc185058NSC185058: an ATG4B antagonist
ellagic acidcatechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol
antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketonecathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).
3-(4-octadecyl)benzoylacrylic acid
ly2784544pyridazines