Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:ai]
Positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization is a crucial cellular process that involves the precise control of the assembly, disassembly, and reorganization of the cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments that provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and enables intracellular transport. This intricate process is tightly regulated by a diverse array of signaling pathways and protein interactions, ensuring the dynamic and responsive nature of the cytoskeleton.
The cytoskeleton is composed of three primary filamentous structures: microtubules, microfilaments (actin filaments), and intermediate filaments. Each of these components plays a distinct role in maintaining cell shape, enabling cell motility, facilitating intracellular transport, and mediating cell division.
Positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization encompasses a wide range of molecular mechanisms that promote and enhance the assembly, stabilization, and reorganization of cytoskeletal components. Key aspects of this process include:
1. **Signal Transduction Pathways:** External stimuli, such as growth factors, hormones, and mechanical forces, trigger signaling cascades that activate specific signaling molecules, leading to the activation of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. These pathways often involve second messenger molecules, such as cAMP and calcium, which play a role in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton.
2. **Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins:** A vast array of regulatory proteins interact with the cytoskeleton, influencing its assembly, disassembly, and dynamics. These proteins include:
- **Actin-binding proteins:** Bind to actin filaments, controlling their polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and crosslinking.
- **Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs):** Bind to microtubules, regulating their stability, growth, and interactions with other cellular components.
- **Intermediate filament-associated proteins:** Interact with intermediate filaments, influencing their assembly, organization, and crosslinking.
3. **Molecular Motors:** Motor proteins, such as kinesins, dyneins, and myosins, utilize ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical force, driving the movement of vesicles, organelles, and other cellular components along cytoskeletal tracks.
4. **GTPases:** Small GTPases, such as Rho GTPases, act as molecular switches, cycling between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. They regulate the assembly and organization of the cytoskeleton by interacting with downstream effectors that influence the activity of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins.
5. **Post-translational Modifications:** Modifications like phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination of cytoskeletal proteins can alter their activity, stability, and interactions with other proteins. These modifications are often regulated by signaling pathways and contribute to the fine-tuning of cytoskeletal dynamics.
6. **Cellular Context:** The regulation of cytoskeleton organization is highly context-dependent, varying depending on cell type, developmental stage, and environmental cues.
Positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization is essential for a wide range of cellular functions, including:
- **Cell Shape and Structure:** Maintaining cell shape and integrity, providing structural support, and organizing intracellular organelles.
- **Cell Motility:** Facilitating cell migration, crawling, and directed movement.
- **Intracellular Transport:** Moving organelles, vesicles, and other cargo within the cell.
- **Cell Division:** Ensuring proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during cell division.
- **Signal Transduction:** Serving as a scaffold for signaling molecules and mediating signal transduction pathways.
Disruptions in the positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization can lead to a variety of cellular defects and diseases, including:
- **Cancer:** Abnormal cytoskeleton organization can contribute to cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
- **Neurological Disorders:** Cytoskeletal defects can impair neuronal function, leading to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
- **Muscular Dystrophies:** Mutations in cytoskeletal proteins can weaken muscle fibers, causing muscular dystrophies.
Understanding the intricacies of positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization is essential for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular processes and for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases related to cytoskeletal dysfunction.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
---|---|---|
P2X purinoceptor 7 | A P2X purinoceptor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99572] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|
oxatomide | oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug. oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic | benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid | 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6. pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert | arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde | purinergic receptor P2X antagonist |
suramin | suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate | alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
sb 203580 | imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide | EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent | |
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
6-thioinosine-5'-triphosphate | organic molecule | ||
mrs2159 | MRS2159: an antagonist of both P2X1 and P2X7 receptors | ||
imd 0354 | N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide: a cardioprotective agent that inhibits IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta); structure in first source | benzamides | |
kn 62 | KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II | piperazines | |
az 11645373 | AZ 11645373: InChIKey: VQEHBLGYANQWEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
az10606120 | AZ10606120: a P2X7 receptor antagonist | ||
ce 224,535 | CE 224,535: structure in first source | ||
a-438079 | |||
af 353 | 5-(5-iodo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: a P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
gsk1482160 | |||
a-839977 | A-839977: a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, analgesic; structure in first source | ||
jnj-47965567 | JNJ-47965567: a P2X7 purinergic receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
mk-8742 | elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults. elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus | carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly | antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent |