short-chain fatty acid metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a short-chain fatty acid. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons. [Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism]

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism is a complex process that involves the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota. This process begins with the consumption of dietary fiber, which is composed of complex carbohydrates that cannot be digested by human enzymes. The gut microbiota, which consists of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, possess the enzymes needed to break down these complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars.

The fermentation process by gut microbiota produces SCFAs, primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These SCFAs are absorbed by the colon and transported to the liver, where they play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways.

Acetate is the most abundant SCFA produced in the gut and is used as an energy source by various tissues, including the brain and muscles. Propionate is primarily involved in regulating blood glucose levels and cholesterol metabolism. Butyrate, the primary energy source for colonocytes, also has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

The production and absorption of SCFAs influence gut health, metabolic homeostasis, and immune function. They contribute to the integrity of the intestinal barrier, modulate inflammatory responses, and influence the composition of the gut microbiota.

The process of SCFA metabolism can be influenced by various factors, including diet, lifestyle, and genetics. A diet rich in fiber promotes the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria and increases SCFA production. Conversely, a low-fiber diet can reduce SCFA production and alter the composition of the gut microbiota.

SCFA metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. The diverse effects of SCFAs on various physiological processes highlight the importance of understanding and optimizing this metabolic pathway. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between SCFAs, gut microbiota, and human health.'
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Compounds (1)