negative regulation of isotype switching

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. [GOC:go_curators]

Negative regulation of isotype switching is a crucial process in the immune system, ensuring precise control of antibody production. This process involves the suppression of switching from one antibody isotype to another, preventing the generation of inappropriate antibodies. It is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of factors including:

1. **Transcriptional regulation:** Specific transcription factors and signaling pathways are involved in silencing the expression of germline transcripts, which initiate isotype switching.
2. **Chromatin modifications:** The chromatin structure surrounding the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is modified to inhibit access of the switching machinery. This involves histone modifications like methylation and acetylation.
3. **Cytokine signaling:** Cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 can negatively regulate isotype switching by inhibiting the production of key transcription factors required for the process.
4. **MicroRNA regulation:** Specific microRNAs can target and suppress the expression of transcripts involved in isotype switching.
5. **Competition for switching machinery:** Factors that promote isotype switching to one isotype can compete with factors that promote switching to another isotype, contributing to regulation.

The overall effect of these mechanisms is to limit inappropriate isotype switching, ensuring the production of antibodies that effectively neutralize pathogens while avoiding harmful autoimmunity. This regulation is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing uncontrolled antibody production.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (12)