NAD transport
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. [GOC:jl]
NAD+ is a crucial coenzyme involved in numerous metabolic processes, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Its transport within the cell is essential for maintaining cellular function. NAD+ transport is mediated by specific membrane-bound proteins known as NAD+ transporters. These proteins facilitate the movement of NAD+ across cell membranes, ensuring its availability to different cellular compartments. The mechanisms of NAD+ transport are complex and vary depending on the cell type and the specific transporter involved. However, some common principles include: 1. **Active transport:** This process requires energy to move NAD+ against its concentration gradient. 2. **Passive diffusion:** NAD+ can also move across membranes by passive diffusion, driven by its concentration gradient. 3. **Carrier-mediated transport:** This involves the interaction of NAD+ with specific carrier proteins that facilitate its transport across membranes. The importance of NAD+ transport can be illustrated by the following examples: 1. **Mitochondrial NAD+ transport:** The mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NAD+, requiring specific transporters to shuttle it between the cytosol and mitochondria. This is crucial for the efficient operation of the electron transport chain and ATP production. 2. **Nuclear NAD+ transport:** NAD+ is also required in the nucleus for various processes, including DNA replication and repair. 3. **NAD+ transport in signaling pathways:** NAD+ is involved in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The dysregulation of NAD+ transport can contribute to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Further research is ongoing to understand the complex mechanisms of NAD+ transport and its implications for human health.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| P2X purinoceptor 7 | A P2X purinoceptor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99572] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (19)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| oxatomide | oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug. oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic | benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid | 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6. pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert | arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde | purinergic receptor P2X antagonist |
| suramin | suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties. | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate | alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| sb 203580 | imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide | EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent | |
| 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| 6-thioinosine-5'-triphosphate | organic molecule | ||
| mrs2159 | MRS2159: an antagonist of both P2X1 and P2X7 receptors | ||
| imd 0354 | N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide: a cardioprotective agent that inhibits IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta); structure in first source | benzamides | |
| kn 62 | KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II | piperazines | |
| az 11645373 | AZ 11645373: InChIKey: VQEHBLGYANQWEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
| az10606120 | AZ10606120: a P2X7 receptor antagonist | ||
| ce 224,535 | CE 224,535: structure in first source | ||
| a-438079 | |||
| af 353 | 5-(5-iodo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: a P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| gsk1482160 | |||
| a-839977 | A-839977: a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, analgesic; structure in first source | ||
| jnj-47965567 | JNJ-47965567: a P2X7 purinergic receptor antagonist; structure in first source | ||
| mk-8742 | elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults. elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus | carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly | antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent |