NAD transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. [GOC:jl]

NAD+ is a crucial coenzyme involved in numerous metabolic processes, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Its transport within the cell is essential for maintaining cellular function. NAD+ transport is mediated by specific membrane-bound proteins known as NAD+ transporters. These proteins facilitate the movement of NAD+ across cell membranes, ensuring its availability to different cellular compartments. The mechanisms of NAD+ transport are complex and vary depending on the cell type and the specific transporter involved. However, some common principles include: 1. **Active transport:** This process requires energy to move NAD+ against its concentration gradient. 2. **Passive diffusion:** NAD+ can also move across membranes by passive diffusion, driven by its concentration gradient. 3. **Carrier-mediated transport:** This involves the interaction of NAD+ with specific carrier proteins that facilitate its transport across membranes. The importance of NAD+ transport can be illustrated by the following examples: 1. **Mitochondrial NAD+ transport:** The mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NAD+, requiring specific transporters to shuttle it between the cytosol and mitochondria. This is crucial for the efficient operation of the electron transport chain and ATP production. 2. **Nuclear NAD+ transport:** NAD+ is also required in the nucleus for various processes, including DNA replication and repair. 3. **NAD+ transport in signaling pathways:** NAD+ is involved in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The dysregulation of NAD+ transport can contribute to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Further research is ongoing to understand the complex mechanisms of NAD+ transport and its implications for human health.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (19)