thiamine-containing compound metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it. [GOC:jl]

Thiamine-containing compound metabolic process is a fundamental biological process involving the conversion and utilization of thiamine (vitamin B1) and its derivatives. Thiamine plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids. This process is essential for the generation of energy through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

The process begins with the absorption of thiamine from dietary sources. Thiamine is then phosphorylated to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active coenzyme form, by thiamine pyrophosphokinase.

TPP is a cofactor for several key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism:

1. **Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex:** TPP facilitates the decarboxylation of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, to acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle. This step is essential for the production of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.

2. **Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) complex:** Similar to PDH, TPP assists in the decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate, a key intermediate in the TCA cycle, to succinyl-CoA.

3. **Transketolase:** TPP plays a crucial role in the pentose phosphate pathway, a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH, an important reducing agent, and pentoses, building blocks for nucleotides.

4. **Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex:** TPP is involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

Deficiency of thiamine leads to a range of health problems, including beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and other neurological disorders. These conditions arise due to impaired carbohydrate metabolism and reduced energy production in the brain and nervous system.

In summary, thiamine-containing compound metabolic process is a vital process for energy production, carbohydrate metabolism, and overall cellular function. It involves the conversion of thiamine into its active coenzyme form, TPP, and its utilization by key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (1)