otolith mineralization completed early in development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear. [GOC:dsf, PMID:15581873]

Otolith mineralization, a crucial process in early development, involves the formation of calcium carbonate crystals within the otoliths, which are tiny, mineralized structures located in the inner ear of vertebrates. These crystals, primarily composed of aragonite, provide the foundation for balance, hearing, and orientation in aquatic environments.

The process begins with the secretion of an organic matrix by specialized cells known as otic placode cells. This matrix serves as a scaffold for the subsequent deposition of calcium carbonate. As the matrix matures, it attracts calcium ions from the surrounding environment, facilitated by the action of specific proteins and enzymes.

Calcium ions, together with carbonate ions sourced from the blood, then combine within the matrix, forming the aragonite crystals that make up the otolith. The deposition of these crystals occurs in a highly controlled and organized manner, resulting in the characteristic layered structure observed in otoliths.

Early otolith mineralization plays a crucial role in the development of the auditory and vestibular systems, ensuring the proper function of balance, orientation, and hearing. Disruptions in this process can lead to developmental abnormalities and sensory deficits.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (10)