cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:12626695]

Radial glia guided migration in the cerebral cortex is a complex process that involves the precise movement of newly born neurons from their birthplace in the ventricular zone to their final destination in the cortical layers. This intricate journey is orchestrated by a specialized type of glial cell known as radial glia, which act as scaffolding and guidance cues for migrating neurons.

Radial glia extend long, thin processes that radiate from the ventricular zone to the pial surface of the developing cortex. These processes create a network of fibers that provide a physical pathway for migrating neurons to follow.

Neurons, during their migration, adhere to the radial glia processes through specialized cell adhesion molecules. These molecules, such as integrins and cadherins, mediate the interaction between neurons and radial glia, ensuring the proper attachment and guidance of migrating cells.

In addition to providing a physical path, radial glia also release signaling molecules that influence neuronal migration. These signaling molecules, including chemoattractants and chemorepellents, act as guiding cues that direct the movement of neurons towards or away from specific regions in the cortex.

The mechanism of neuronal migration is complex and involves the coordinated interplay of various cellular components. Actin cytoskeleton and microtubules within the migrating neurons play a crucial role in driving the movement and maintaining the shape of the neuron. The leading process of the migrating neuron, called the "leading edge," extends forward and probes the environment for guidance cues. The cell body of the neuron then follows behind, pulled along by the leading edge.

As the neuron migrates along the radial glia, it undergoes a process called "somal translocation," where the nucleus and other organelles within the cell body move forward, allowing the leading edge to explore new territories. This process ensures that the neuron maintains its connection to the radial glia while navigating the complex environment of the developing cortex.

The precise timing and location of neuronal migration are essential for the formation of a properly layered cerebral cortex. Disruptions in radial glia guided migration can lead to developmental abnormalities, such as microcephaly or cortical malformations.

In summary, radial glia guided migration is a remarkable process that involves a precise interplay of cellular components, signaling molecules, and physical guidance cues. This intricate process ensures the proper positioning of neurons within the developing cerebral cortex, contributing to the establishment of a functional brain.'
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