globus pallidus development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0878937420]

The globus pallidus (GP), a key structure within the basal ganglia, undergoes a complex developmental journey. Its formation involves a delicate interplay of molecular signals, cell migrations, and neuronal differentiation.

**1. Early Development:**
- The GP originates from the ventral telencephalon, specifically the ganglionic eminence, a proliferative zone containing neural progenitor cells.
- These progenitor cells express specific transcription factors, such as SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) and Wnt signaling pathways, guiding them towards the GP lineage.

**2. Cell Migration and Differentiation:**
- Progenitor cells migrate from the ganglionic eminence to their final destination in the GP, guided by chemoattractant and chemorepellent cues.
- During this migration, they differentiate into specific neuronal subtypes:
- **GPe neurons:** These are GABAergic neurons that project to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr).
- **GPi neurons:** These are also GABAergic neurons, projecting primarily to the thalamus.

**3. Neuronal Maturation:**
- Once in their final location, GP neurons undergo further maturation, establishing complex dendritic and axonal arbors.
- This maturation involves the formation of synapses with other neurons, forming intricate circuits within the basal ganglia.
- The expression of specific neurotransmitters, receptors, and ion channels contributes to the functional properties of the GP.

**4. Refinement and Plasticity:**
- Throughout development and into adulthood, the GP undergoes continuous refinement and plasticity, adjusting its circuitry based on experience and external cues.
- This plasticity is crucial for the GP's role in motor control, learning, and cognition.

**5. Role of Neurotrophic Factors:**
- Neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), play critical roles in promoting GP neuron survival, differentiation, and synapse formation.

**6. Potential for Neuroregeneration:**
- The GP exhibits limited neurogenesis in adulthood, but research suggests potential for neuroregeneration under certain conditions.
- Understanding the developmental mechanisms of the GP is crucial for developing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, that affect the basal ganglia.
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (2)