cerebellar cortex development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]

The cerebellar cortex, responsible for motor coordination and learning, undergoes a complex developmental process that involves intricate interactions between various cell types. It begins with the generation of cerebellar granule cells (GCs) from progenitor cells in the external granular layer (EGL). These GCs migrate inward to form the internal granular layer (IGL), where they establish connections with Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex. The PCs, generated from the ventricular zone, migrate outward and form a single layer. Simultaneously, the molecular layer (ML) develops, containing the axons of GCs, dendrites of PCs, and a diverse population of interneurons. This intricate structure arises through a series of coordinated events, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis.

During early development, the cerebellum exhibits a distinctive pattern of zonal organization. The EGL, initially situated atop the IGL, gradually diminishes as GCs migrate inwards. As development progresses, the ML expands, creating a distinct separation between the IGL and the PCs. The intricate wiring of the cerebellar cortex depends on the precise migration and positioning of neurons, guided by various signaling molecules and extracellular cues.

The process of synaptogenesis begins early in development, with GCs forming synapses with PCs and interneurons. The formation of synapses is tightly regulated, ensuring that proper connections are established and maintained. As development progresses, the cerebellar cortex undergoes refinement through experience-dependent plasticity. This process allows the cerebellum to adapt to changing demands and refine motor skills. This intricate interplay between cellular events and experience-dependent plasticity culminates in the formation of the highly structured and functionally diverse cerebellar cortex. '
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (10)