taurine metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198600461]

Taurine metabolism is a complex and essential biological process that involves the synthesis, utilization, and degradation of taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid. Taurine plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, neurotransmission, and antioxidant defense.

**Synthesis:**

* Taurine is synthesized primarily in the liver and kidneys from the amino acid cysteine.
* The initial step involves the conversion of cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid by cysteine dioxygenase.
* Cysteine sulfinic acid is then decarboxylated to hypotaurine by cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.
* Hypotaurine is finally oxidized to taurine by hypotaurine oxidase.

**Utilization:**

* Taurine is actively transported into cells by specific membrane transporters.
* It plays a key role in maintaining cellular volume and hydration by regulating osmotic pressure.
* Taurine stabilizes cell membranes by interacting with phospholipids and reducing their fluidity.
* It acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, influencing various brain functions, including memory, cognition, and anxiety.
* Taurine possesses antioxidant properties, protecting cells from oxidative stress and damage.

**Degradation:**

* Taurine is not directly metabolized into energy.
* It is primarily excreted in urine, with a small amount lost in bile and sweat.
* Taurine can be conjugated with bile acids, facilitating their excretion.

**Importance:**

* Taurine deficiency can lead to various health issues, including impaired cardiovascular function, neurological disorders, and developmental problems.
* Adequate taurine intake is essential for optimal health, particularly during early development and in individuals with specific health conditions.

**Factors Influencing Taurine Metabolism:**

* Age: Taurine levels decline with age, particularly in the brain.
* Diet: Dietary intake of taurine is important, as it cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the body.
* Health conditions: Certain diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, can affect taurine metabolism.

**Conclusion:**

Taurine metabolism is a vital process that contributes to multiple physiological functions. Understanding this process is crucial for maintaining optimal health and addressing potential deficiencies.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (4)