stem cell division

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]

Stem cell division is a fundamental process that allows for the generation of new cells and the maintenance of tissues throughout an organism's lifespan. Stem cells are unique in their ability to self-renew, meaning they can divide to produce more stem cells, and to differentiate, meaning they can develop into specialized cell types. This process begins with a single stem cell, which undergoes a series of carefully regulated steps to produce two daughter cells. The process of stem cell division is tightly controlled by a complex interplay of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways. These pathways ensure that the division process occurs in a coordinated manner and that the correct cell fate is achieved. Stem cell division can be classified into two major types: symmetric and asymmetric division. Symmetric division produces two identical daughter cells, both of which retain the stem cell properties. Asymmetric division, on the other hand, produces one daughter cell that retains stem cell properties and another daughter cell that commits to a specific cell lineage. The decision to undergo symmetric or asymmetric division is influenced by a variety of factors, including the stem cell's microenvironment, the presence of specific growth factors, and the cell's internal state. The process of stem cell division begins with the duplication of the cell's genetic material, DNA. This process, called DNA replication, ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genome. Following DNA replication, the cell enters a phase called mitosis, during which the duplicated chromosomes are separated and distributed to the two daughter cells. Mitosis is a complex process that involves a series of distinct stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form. During prometaphase, the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell, forming the metaphase plate. During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. During telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. Stem cell division is essential for the development, growth, and repair of tissues. It is also critical for maintaining the body's homeostasis. Disruptions in stem cell division can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer. The process of stem cell division is a fascinating and complex example of the incredible precision and regulation that governs life at the cellular level. It is a testament to the power of nature's design and a source of ongoing research and discovery.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)