regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that involves the addition of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to a target protein. This process is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) and is reversible by a group of enzymes called ADP-ribosylhydrolases (ARHs). Protein ADP-ribosylation plays a crucial role in a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, DNA repair, gene expression, and apoptosis. The regulation of this process is complex and involves multiple factors, including the expression and activity of ARTs and ARHs, the availability of NAD+, and the accessibility of the target protein.

**Regulation of ADP-ribosylation:**

* **Regulation of ARTs:**
* **Expression levels:** The expression levels of ARTs can be regulated by various factors, such as developmental stage, cell type, and environmental stimuli.
* **Post-translational modifications:** ARTs themselves can be subjected to post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, which can affect their activity.
* **Subcellular localization:** The subcellular localization of ARTs is often tightly regulated to ensure that they are targeted to the appropriate substrates.
* **Regulation of ARHs:**
* **Expression levels:** ARHs are also subject to regulation at the level of gene expression.
* **Post-translational modifications:** Like ARTs, ARHs can be modified by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, which can affect their activity.
* **Interactions with other proteins:** ARHs often interact with other proteins, such as scaffolding proteins, which can regulate their activity and localization.
* **Availability of NAD+:** NAD+ is the donor molecule for ADP-ribosylation, and its availability can therefore influence the rate of this process. NAD+ levels are regulated by cellular metabolism and by the activity of enzymes that synthesize and degrade NAD+.
* **Accessibility of the target protein:** The accessibility of the target protein to ARTs can be regulated by its conformation, its interaction with other proteins, and its subcellular localization.

**Overall, the regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation is a complex process involving multiple levels of control. This dynamic regulation ensures that ADP-ribosylation is tightly controlled and plays an appropriate role in cellular function.**'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (12)