epidermal growth factor catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:2985587]

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) catabolic process is a complex series of events that ultimately lead to the breakdown and inactivation of EGF. EGF is a potent mitogen that plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. It binds to its receptor, EGFR, on the cell surface, triggering a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways that promote cell growth. However, uncontrolled EGF activity can contribute to cancer development, making its regulation essential.

The EGF catabolic process starts with the internalization of the EGF-EGFR complex by endocytosis. This process involves the invagination of the cell membrane and the formation of vesicles that enclose the complex. Once internalized, the EGF-EGFR complex is transported to endosomes, which are intracellular compartments responsible for sorting and trafficking of proteins.

Within endosomes, the EGF-EGFR complex undergoes a series of modifications that ultimately lead to the degradation of EGF. These modifications include:

1. **Ligand-receptor dissociation:** The acidic environment of endosomes promotes the dissociation of EGF from its receptor.
2. **EGFR ubiquitination:** EGFR undergoes ubiquitination, a process that involves the attachment of ubiquitin molecules to the receptor. Ubiquitination targets EGFR for degradation.
3. **EGFR trafficking:** The ubiquitinated EGFR is then trafficked to lysosomes, which are the main cellular degradation compartments.
4. **EGF degradation:** EGF is also degraded within lysosomes by various proteases, such as cathepsins.

The degradation of EGF by these mechanisms ensures that its signaling activity is tightly controlled, preventing uncontrolled cell growth and contributing to the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, EGF catabolism is a crucial process for recycling cellular components and maintaining cellular integrity.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)