platelet activating factor biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli. [ISBN:0198547684]

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid mediator involved in a wide range of biological processes, including inflammation, allergic reactions, and blood clotting. Its biosynthesis is a complex process that involves multiple steps, starting with the conversion of membrane phospholipids to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). LPC is then acetylated by the enzyme lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) to generate PAF, a phospholipid with a unique structure that includes an acetyl group at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone.

The synthesis of PAF typically occurs in response to stimuli such as bacterial endotoxins, complement activation, and tissue injury. Once synthesized, PAF acts as a signaling molecule, binding to its specific receptor (PAFR) on target cells, leading to a cascade of intracellular events, including activation of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and calcium mobilization. These events ultimately trigger diverse cellular responses, such as platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, and leukocyte chemotaxis.

The biosynthesis of PAF is tightly regulated, and its production is carefully controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and other adverse effects. The enzymes involved in PAF synthesis are subject to regulation by various factors, including hormones, cytokines, and intracellular signaling pathways.

In addition to its role in inflammation and allergic reactions, PAF also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including asthma, sepsis, and stroke. The development of drugs that target the biosynthesis or signaling of PAF is an active area of research, aiming to provide novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.'
"

Proteins (2)

Compounds (9)