acyl-CoA metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]

Acyl-CoA metabolic processes are essential for cellular function, playing a crucial role in energy production, lipid synthesis, and detoxification. These processes involve the activation of fatty acids, which are converted into acyl-CoA esters, and the subsequent metabolism of these esters in various cellular compartments.

Acyl-CoA esters are a diverse group of molecules that are crucial for a wide range of cellular processes. They are formed by the attachment of a fatty acid to coenzyme A, a small molecule that serves as a carrier of acyl groups. The formation of acyl-CoA esters is catalyzed by enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases, which are found in various cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and peroxisomes.

Once formed, acyl-CoA esters can be metabolized through a variety of pathways. The most important pathway is the beta-oxidation pathway, which occurs in the mitochondria and is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which is then used in the citric acid cycle to generate ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.

In addition to beta-oxidation, acyl-CoA esters can also be used for the synthesis of lipids, such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. These processes are essential for cell membrane formation, signal transduction, and energy storage.

Acyl-CoA esters are also involved in detoxification pathways. They can be used to detoxify a variety of harmful substances, including xenobiotics, drugs, and pollutants. This detoxification process involves the conjugation of the harmful substance with an acyl-CoA ester, making it more water-soluble and easier to excrete.

In summary, acyl-CoA metabolic processes are essential for a wide range of cellular functions, including energy production, lipid synthesis, and detoxification. They are crucial for maintaining cell health and survival. Disruptions in acyl-CoA metabolism are associated with a variety of human diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (1)