Page last updated: 2024-10-24

octopamine biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepinephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species. [ISBN:0198506732]

Octopamine biosynthesis is a critical process in invertebrate neurobiology, leading to the production of the neurotransmitter octopamine. This process begins with the amino acid tyrosine, which is converted to L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). L-DOPA is then decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) to form dopamine. Dopamine is then hydroxylated by dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) to produce octopamine. These enzymatic steps occur in specific neurons and are tightly regulated, ensuring proper octopamine levels for its diverse functions. Octopamine, acting as a neuromodulator in invertebrates, plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including learning, memory, sleep-wake cycles, stress response, and motor control. Its effects are mediated through interaction with specific G protein-coupled receptors, leading to signal transduction cascades that modulate neuronal activity.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Dopamine beta-hydroxylaseA dopamine beta-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09172]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (7)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
hypericin
tropolonetropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.

Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).
alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol
bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin
u 0521U 0521: catechol methyltransferase antagonist; structureacetophenones
7-hydroxytropolone7-hydroxytropolone: structure
3,7-dihydroxytropolone3,7-dihydroxytropolone : A cyclic ketone that is tropolone in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are substituted by hydroxy groups. It is isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces tropolofaciens strain K611-97.

3,7-dihydroxytropolone: from Streptomyces tropolofaciens; active against B16 melanoma; structure given in first source
alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol;
triol
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87
sk&f 102698