glycerol biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]

Glycerol biosynthesis is a crucial metabolic pathway that produces glycerol, a three-carbon alcohol with diverse biological functions. It is a fundamental component of triglycerides, phospholipids, and other essential cellular components. The process can occur through multiple routes, but the primary pathway in most organisms involves the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP is an intermediate in glycolysis, the central pathway for glucose metabolism. G3P can then be dephosphorylated to glycerol by glycerol-3-phosphatase, completing the biosynthesis. In addition to its role in lipid metabolism, glycerol is also a key component of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which transports electrons from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria for ATP production. Furthermore, glycerol can be utilized as a substrate for gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. This process is particularly important in animals during periods of fasting or starvation. In summary, glycerol biosynthesis is a vital metabolic pathway that plays a critical role in energy production, lipid metabolism, and cellular structure. It is a highly regulated process that ensures the appropriate levels of glycerol are maintained to support various physiological functions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (6)