glycerol metabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]

Glycerol metabolic process encompasses the biochemical reactions that involve glycerol, a three-carbon alcohol. It's a central pathway in lipid metabolism, connecting carbohydrate and lipid pathways. Glycerol can be derived from the breakdown of triglycerides, the main form of fat storage in the body, through the action of lipases. It can also be produced from glucose through glycolysis. Glycerol metabolism involves the following key steps:
1. Glycerol Kinase: This enzyme converts glycerol into glycerol-3-phosphate using ATP.
2. Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase: This enzyme converts glycerol-3-phosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a key intermediate in glycolysis.
3. DHAP can enter glycolysis, leading to the production of ATP and pyruvate, which can be further utilized for energy production. Alternatively, DHAP can be converted into glycerol, completing the cycle.
4. Glycerol can also be used in the synthesis of triglycerides, where it is combined with fatty acids to form new fat molecules.
5. In addition to its role in energy production and lipid synthesis, glycerol plays a role in other cellular processes, such as the synthesis of phospholipids, which form the cell membrane.
6. Glycerol metabolism is tightly regulated to meet the body's energy demands and to maintain lipid homeostasis.
7. The glycerol metabolic process is essential for various cellular processes, including energy production, lipid synthesis, and membrane formation. It is also crucial for maintaining overall metabolic balance.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (10)