RNA methylation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor. [GOC:hjd, PMID:21823225]

RNA methylation is a crucial biological process involving the addition of a methyl group (CH3) to a base within an RNA molecule. This modification significantly impacts the fate and function of RNA, influencing various cellular processes.

The process typically occurs at specific positions within the RNA sequence, most commonly on adenine (A) and cytosine (C) bases. Enzymes called RNA methyltransferases (RMTs) catalyze this reaction, using S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor.

RNA methylation plays diverse roles in cellular function, including:

* **Regulation of gene expression:** Methylation can alter the stability and translation efficiency of RNA transcripts. For example, methylation of mRNAs can enhance their translation, while methylation of non-coding RNAs can impact their ability to regulate gene expression.
* **Modulation of RNA splicing:** RNA methylation can influence the splicing of pre-mRNAs, affecting the production of different protein isoforms.
* **RNA localization:** Specific methylation patterns can guide RNA molecules to their intended destinations within the cell, ensuring proper protein synthesis and function.
* **Immune response:** Methylation of immune-related RNAs, such as tRNAs and microRNAs, plays a role in immune regulation, including the recognition of foreign pathogens.
* **Viral infection:** Viruses can utilize RNA methylation to evade host defenses and promote their replication.

Understanding RNA methylation is essential for comprehending complex biological processes and developing novel therapeutic approaches. Its impact on various cellular functions highlights its significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)