nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability. [GOC:jp, GOC:krc]

Nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay, is a fundamental cellular mechanism responsible for the controlled degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules within the nucleus. This process is crucial for regulating gene expression, ensuring the quality of transcripts, and preventing the accumulation of potentially harmful or misfolded proteins. The primary trigger for this pathway is the shortening of the poly(A) tail at the 3' end of the mRNA molecule, a process known as deadenylation. This tail is a crucial determinant of mRNA stability and translational efficiency, and its shortening is often initiated by specific proteins called deadenylases. Once the poly(A) tail is sufficiently shortened, the mRNA molecule is recognized by a complex of proteins known as the exosome, which functions as a 3' to 5' exoribonuclease. The exosome progressively degrades the mRNA molecule from its 3' end, ultimately leading to its complete destruction. However, the deadenylation-dependent decay pathway is not always a straightforward process and can be influenced by various factors. For instance, some mRNAs are protected from degradation by specific RNA-binding proteins that prevent the recruitment of the exosome. Additionally, certain mRNAs may undergo alternative decay pathways, such as endonucleolytic cleavage, which bypasses the need for deadenylation. Overall, the deadenylation-dependent decay pathway is a highly regulated and sophisticated process that plays a critical role in maintaining proper mRNA homeostasis and gene expression within the nucleus. This pathway is essential for normal cellular function and its dysregulation can contribute to various diseases.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (2)