Pathways > the visual cycle I (vertebrates)
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the visual cycle I (vertebrates)

Proteins (14)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1Cellular retinaldehyde-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Retinoid isomerohydrolaseEC 3.1.1.64; All-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase; Lutein isomerase; Meso-zeaxanthin isomerase; 5.3.3.22; Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein; Retinol isomeraseHomo sapiens (human)
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9EC 1.1.1.209; EC 1.1.1.53; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 3-alpha-HSD; NADP-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase; RDH-E2; RDHL; Retinol dehydrogenase 15; 1.1.1.105; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 4; Short-chain dehydrogenHomo sapiens (human)
Retinol-binding protein 4Plasma retinol-binding protein; PRBP; RBPHomo sapiens (human)
Lecithin retinol acyltransferaseEC 2.3.1.135; Phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Retinol-binding protein 2Cellular retinol-binding protein II; CRBP-IIHomo sapiens (human)
Retinol dehydrogenase 5EC 1.1.1.209; EC 1.1.1.315; EC 1.1.1.53; 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase; 11-cis RDH; 11-cis RoDH; 9-cis retinol dehydrogenase; 9cRDH; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 5Homo sapiens (human)
Retinol-binding protein 3Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein; IRBP; Interstitial retinol-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Retinol-binding protein 1Cellular retinol-binding protein; CRBP; Cellular retinol-binding protein I; CRBP-IHomo sapiens (human)
Retinol dehydrogenase 10EC 1.1.1.300; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 4Homo sapiens (human)
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3EC 1.1.1.300; DD83.1; Retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1; retSDR1; Retinol dehydrogenase 17; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Retinol dehydrogenase 11EC 1.1.1.300; Androgen-regulated short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1; HCV core-binding protein HCBP12; Prostate short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1; Retinal reductase 1; RalR1; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 7C member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Retinol dehydrogenase 12EC 1.1.1.300; All-trans and 9-cis retinol dehydrogenase; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 7C member 2Homo sapiens (human)
Retinol dehydrogenase 8EC 1.1.1.300; Photoreceptor outer segment all-trans retinol dehydrogenase; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 28C member 2Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (10)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
NADH
retinol
retinaldehydeA diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
11-cis-Retinol
11-cis-retinal
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