Page last updated: 2024-10-06

superpathway of L-lysine degradation

Proteins (33)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrialKAT/AadAT; 2-aminoadipate aminotransferase; 2-aminoadipate transaminase; 2.6.1.39; Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase; AadAT; Kynurenine aminotransferase II; Kynurenine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase II; Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 2; 2.6.1.7; Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrialKAT/AadAT; 2-aminoadipate aminotransferase; 2-aminoadipate transaminase; 2.6.1.39; Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase; AadAT; Kynurenine aminotransferase II; Kynurenine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase II; Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 2; 2.6.1.7; Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphate acetyltransferaseEC 2.3.1.8; PhosphotransacetylaseEscherichia coli K-12
Lysine acetyltransferaseLAT; EC 2.3.1.32; Lysine N(6)-acetyltransferaseYarrowia lipolytica CLIB122
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.9; Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; T2Homo sapiens (human)
Lysine 6-dehydrogenaseEC 1.4.1.18; L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase; L-lysine epsilon-dehydrogenaseGeobacillus stearothermophilus
3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia lyaseEC 4.3.1.14; 3-aminobutyryl-CoA deaminaseFusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586
3-keto-5-aminohexanoate cleavage enzymeEC 2.3.1.247Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586
Lysine/ornithine decarboxylaseLDC; EC 4.1.1.17; EC 4.1.1.18Selenomonas ruminantium
Acetate kinaseEC 2.7.2.1; AcetokinaseEscherichia coli K-12
Inducible lysine decarboxylaseLDCI; EC 4.1.1.18Escherichia coli K-12
Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrialSCAD; EC 1.3.8.1; Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Constitutive lysine decarboxylaseLDCC; EC 4.1.1.18Escherichia coli K-12
L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenaseEC 1.4.1.11; 3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenaseFusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586
Probable 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component DHKTD1, mitochondrialEC 1.2.4.2; Dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferaseEC 2.3.1.9; Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; Ergosterol biosynthesis protein 10Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C
Aromatic/aminoadipate aminotransferase 12-aminoadipate aminotransferase; 2.6.1.39; 2-aminoadipate transaminase; Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase; AadAT; Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 1; 2.6.1.57; Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase I; Aromatic amino acid-requiring protein 8Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferaseEC 2.3.1.9; Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolaseEscherichia coli K-12
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolicEC 2.3.1.9; Acetyl-CoA transferase-like protein; Cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate--hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferaseEC 2.8.3.13; Dermal papilla-derived protein 13; SuccinylCoA:glutarate-CoA transferaseHomo sapiens (human)
L-lysine 2,3-aminomutaseLAM; EC 5.4.3.2; KAMFusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586
L-lysine 2,3-aminomutaseLAM; EC 5.4.3.2; KAMClostridium subterminale
Lysine 5,6-aminomutase alpha subunit5,6-LAM; EC 5.4.3.3; D-lysine 5,6-aminomutase alpha subunit; L-beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase alpha subunitFusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586
Lysine 5,6-aminomutase beta subunit5,6-LAM; EC 5.4.3.3; D-lysine 5,6-aminomutase beta subunit; L-beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase beta subunitFusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586
Formate-dependent phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide transformylase 2; Formate-dependent GAR transformylase; 2.1.2.-; GAR transformylase 2; GART 2; Non-folate glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase; Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2Escherichia coli K-12
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenaseAlpha-AASA dehydrogenase; EC 1.2.1.31; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member A1; 1.2.1.3; Antiquitin-1; Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase; 1.2.1.8; Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate dehydrogenase; P6c dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
Ethanolamine utilization protein EutDEscherichia coli K-12
Ketimine reductase mu-crystallinEC 1.5.1.25; NADP-regulated thyroid-hormone-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrialLKR/SDHHomo sapiens (human)
L-lysine-epsilon aminotransferaseL-lysine aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.36; Lysine 6-aminotransferaseStreptomyces clavuligerus
Sarcosine oxidase Homo sapiens (human)
Piperideine-6-carboxilic acid dehydrogenaseStreptomyces clavuligerus
Acetate kinase Acetoanaerobium sticklandii DSM 519

Compounds (67)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
AluminumA metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.
CobaltA trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.
n-Butyrate
BariumAn element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.
TinA trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.
CesiumA member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.
RubidiumAn element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.
Succinate
NADH
Ammonium
MercuryA silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.
CopperA heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ManganeseA trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
fluoridesInorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
LithiumAn element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.
IronA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Orthophosphate
isoniazidAntibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
LeadA soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
succinyl-coenzyme A
iodoacetamideAn alkylating sulfhydryl reagent. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate.
cobamamide
Pyruvic AcidAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
sulfitesInorganic salts of sulfurous acid.
1,10-phenanthrolineRN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases
mercaptoethanolA water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alpha-Ketoglutarate
CadmiumAn element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
Carbamyl PhosphateThe monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).
CadaverineA foul-smelling diamine formed by bacterial decarboxylation of lysine.
acetyl phosphate
sodium borohydrideRN given refers to parent cpd
ethylmaleimideA sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.
dithiothreitolA reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.
Edetic AcidA chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
glutamate
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
arsenitesalt of arsenous acid XASO(3)
acetoacetate
SpermidineA polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.
CycloserineAntibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.
hydroxylamineA colorless inorganic compound (HONH2) used in organic synthesis and as a reducing agent, due to its ability to donate nitric oxide.
potassium cyanideA highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes.
hydrazineused as fuel in emergency power systems; see also record for hydrazine sulfate RN: 10034-93-2; RN given refers to parent cpd
2,2'-dipyridylA reagent used for the determination of iron.
s-adenosylmethioninePhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
Coenzyme A
acetoacetyl CoA
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
glutaryl-coenzyme A
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
phenylhydrazineRN given refers to parent cpd