| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|
| Acetolactate synthase, catabolic | ALS; EC 2.2.1.6 | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Diacetyl reductase [(S)-acetoin forming] | EC 1.1.1.304; Acetoin(diacetyl) reductase; AR; Meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase | EC 4.1.1.5 | Klebsiella aerogenes |
| Alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase | EC 4.1.1.5 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Il1403 |
| (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase | EC 1.1.1.4 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C |
| Alpha-acetolactate synthase | | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Il1403 |
| Diacetyl reductase [ | | Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 |
| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| Cobalt | A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis. |
| Barium | An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. |
| Thiamine Pyrophosphate | The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX. |
| NADH | |
| Mercury | A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing. |
| Copper | A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55. |
| Calcium | A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. |
| Manganese | A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035) |
| Carbon Dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. |
| Zinc | A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn. |
| Pyruvic Acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| nad | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| 2,3-butylene glycol, (S-(R*,R*))-isomer | |
| diacetyl | Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods. |
| 2,3-butylene glycol, (R*,S*)-isomer | |
| 2,3-butylene glycol, R-(R*,R*)-isomer | |