Page last updated: 2024-10-06

mixed acid fermentation

Proteins (32)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Phosphate acetyltransferaseEC 2.3.1.8; PhosphotransacetylaseEscherichia coli K-12
Pyruvate kinase IEC 2.7.1.40; PK-1Escherichia coli K-12
Pyruvate kinase IIEC 2.7.1.40; PK-2Escherichia coli K-12
Aconitate hydratase BACN; Aconitase; EC 4.2.1.3; (2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate dehydratase; (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dehydratase; 2-methyl-cis-aconitate hydratase; 4.2.1.99; Iron-responsive protein-like; IRP-like; RNA-binding proteinEscherichia coli K-12
D-lactate dehydrogenaseD-LDH; EC 1.1.1.28; Fermentative lactate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
Phosphocarrier protein HPrHistidine-containing proteinEscherichia coli K-12
Fumarate hydratase class IIFumarase C; EC 4.2.1.2; Aerobic fumarase; Iron-independent fumaraseEscherichia coli K-12
Acetate kinaseEC 2.7.2.1; AcetokinaseEscherichia coli K-12
Alcohol dehydrogenase, propanol-preferringEC 1.1.1.1Escherichia coli K-12
Malate dehydrogenaseEC 1.1.1.37Escherichia coli K-12
Citrate synthaseEC 2.3.3.16Escherichia coli K-12
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]IDH; EC 1.1.1.42; IDP; NADP(+)-specific ICDH; Oxalosuccinate decarboxylaseEscherichia coli K-12
Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunitEC 1.3.5.4; Quinol-fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit; QFR flavoprotein subunitEscherichia coli K-12
Fumarate reductase iron-sulfur subunitEC 1.3.5.4; Quinol-fumarate reductase iron-sulfur subunit; QFR iron-sulfur subunitEscherichia coli K-12
Fumarate hydratase class I, anaerobicEC 4.2.1.2; D-tartrate dehydratase; 4.2.1.81; Fumarase BEscherichia coli K-12
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylasePEPC; PEPCase; EC 4.1.1.31Escherichia coli K-12
Formate acetyltransferase 1EC 2.3.1.54; Pyruvate formate-lyase 1Escherichia coli K-12
Fumarate reductase subunit CFumarate reductase 15 kDa hydrophobic protein; Quinol-fumarate reductase subunit C; QFR subunit CEscherichia coli K-12
Fumarate reductase subunit DFumarate reductase 13 kDa hydrophobic protein; Quinol-fumarate reductase subunit D; QFR subunit DEscherichia coli K-12
Aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
Formate hydrogenlyase subunit 2FHL subunit 2; Hydrogenase-3 component BEscherichia coli K-12
Fumarate hydratase class I, aerobicEC 4.2.1.2; Fumarase A; Oxaloacetate keto--enol-isomerase; OAAKE isomerase; Oxaloacetate tautomerase; 5.3.2.2Escherichia coli K-12
Fumarase DEC 4.2.1.2Escherichia coli K-12
Fumarase EEC 4.2.1.2Escherichia coli K-12
Formate hydrogenlyase subunit 3FHL subunit 3; Hydrogenase-3 component CEscherichia coli K-12
Formate hydrogenlyase subunit 4FHL subunit 4; Hydrogenase 3 component DEscherichia coli K-12
Formate hydrogenlyase subunit 5FHL subunit 5; Hydrogenase-3 component EEscherichia coli K-12
Formate hydrogenlyase subunit 6FHL subunit 6; Hydrogenase-3 component FEscherichia coli K-12
Formate hydrogenlyase subunit 7FHL subunit 7; Hydrogenase-3 component GEscherichia coli K-12
PFL-like enzyme TdcEKeto-acid formate acetyltransferase; Keto-acid formate-lyase; Ketobutyrate formate-lyase; KFL; 2.3.1.-; Pyruvate formate-lyase; PFL; 2.3.1.54Escherichia coli K-12
Ethanolamine utilization protein EutDEscherichia coli K-12
Formate dehydrogenase HEC 1.17.1.9; EC 1.17.99.7; Formate dehydrogenase-H subunit alpha; FDH-H; Formate-hydrogen-lyase-linked, selenocysteine-containing polypeptideEscherichia coli K-12

Compounds (55)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
SilverAn element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.
Succinate
NADH
MercuryA silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ManganeseA trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
serum p-componentclose relation to C reactive protein; may be ovosomucoid
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
fomepizoleA pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.
Orthophosphate
guaiacolAn agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)
SuperoxidesHighly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
Aspartate
fumaratesCompounds based on fumaric acid.
EthanolA clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
hydrogen carbonate
hydrogenThe first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
succinyl-coenzyme A
pyrazolestructure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7744
Pyruvic AcidAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
phenylglyoxalA reagent that is highly selective for the modification of arginyl residues. It is used to selectively inhibit various enzymes and acts as an energy transfer inhibitor in photophosphorylation.
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxidestructure
adenosine monophosphateAdenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alpha-Ketoglutarate
OxaloacetateAn anionic form of oxaloacetic acid.
acetaldehydeA colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.
benzaldehydeRN given refers to parent cpd; structure
tungstate
formate
CadmiumAn element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
2-ketobutyrate
glyoxylate
acetyl phosphate
2-phospholactic acidRN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
fructose-1,6-diphosphateRN refers to (D)-isomer
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Cytidine MonophosphateCytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.
Cytidine DiphosphateCytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.
Coenzyme A
1,4-dioxanedehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
propionyl-coenzyme ARN given refers to parent cpd
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
malonate