| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| hydrogen sulfite | |
| NADH | |
| Ammonium | |
| carbon monoxide | Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) |
| fluorides | Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices. |
| iodine | A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. |
| chlorine | An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. |
| Flavin Mononucleotide | A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. |
| resorcinol | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951 |
| hydroquinone | |
| nitrates | Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. |
| nitrites | Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| siroheme | the heme prosthetic group of the hemoprotein of E coli NADPH-sulfite reductase; reduces sulfite to sulfide or nitrite to ammonia; structure |
| hydroxyhydroquinone | |
| sulfites | Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid. |
| 1,10-phenanthroline | RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases |
| mercaptoethanol | A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation. |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| acetaldehyde | A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis. |
| butyraldehyde | |
| catechol | RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd |
| phloroglucinol | A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent. |
| Serotonin | A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. |
| ethylmaleimide | A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. |
| dithiothreitol | A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols. |
| propionaldehyde | may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure |
| ethylnitronate | |
| n-hexanal | |
| nitromethane | structure |
| Cysteine | A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE. |
| hydrogen cyanide | Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials. |
| pentanal | |
| 2-naphthol | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt | A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) |
| pyrogallol | A trihydroxybenzene or dihydroxy phenol that can be prepared by heating GALLIC ACID. |
| Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide | A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) |
| 1-naphthol | RN given refers to parent cpd |
| nitroblue tetrazolium | Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. |