| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|
| Apolipoprotein B-100 | Apo B-100 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 | Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha | GMP-PDE alpha; EC 3.1.4.35; PDE V-B1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha | EC 2.5.1.58; EC 2.5.1.59; CAAX farnesyltransferase subunit alpha; FTase-alpha; Ras proteins prenyltransferase subunit alpha; Type I protein geranyl-geranyltransferase subunit alpha; GGTase-I-alpha | Homo sapiens (human) |
| N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D | N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D; NAPE-PLD; NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D; EC 3.1.4.54 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinoid isomerohydrolase | EC 3.1.1.64; All-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase; Lutein isomerase; Meso-zeaxanthin isomerase; 5.3.3.22; Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein; Retinol isomerase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Rhodopsin | Opsin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Transthyretin | ATTR; Prealbumin; TBPA | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma | GMP-PDE gamma; EC 3.1.4.35 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta | FTase-beta; EC 2.5.1.58; CAAX farnesyltransferase subunit beta; Ras proteins prenyltransferase subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 | Transducin beta chain 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 | GCAP 1; Guanylate cyclase activator 1A | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase | PL; PTL; Pancreatic lipase; EC 3.1.1.3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Rhodopsin kinase GRK1 | RK; EC 2.7.11.14; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Low-density lipoprotein receptor | LDL receptor | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein A-I | Apo-AI; ApoA-I; Apolipoprotein A1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 | EC 2.3.1.75; 11-cis-specific retinyl-ester synthase; 11-cis-RE-synthase; Acyl-CoA retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase; ARAT; Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase; 2.3.1.76; Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 4; Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase candida | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein C-III | Apo-CIII; ApoC-III; Apolipoprotein C3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4; CNG channel 4; CNG-4; CNG4; Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel gamma; Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel modulatory subunit; Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta-1; CNG channel beta-1; Glutamic acid-rich p | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol-binding protein 4 | Plasma retinol-binding protein; PRBP; RBP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Long-wave-sensitive opsin 1 | Red cone photoreceptor pigment; Red-sensitive opsin; ROP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Calmodulin-1 | | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta | GMP-PDE beta; EC 3.1.4.35 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Methionine aminopeptidase 2 | MAP 2; MetAP 2; EC 3.4.11.18; Initiation factor 2-associated 67 kDa glycoprotein; p67; p67eIF2; Peptidase M | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Methionine aminopeptidase 1 | MAP 1; MetAP 1; EC 3.4.11.18; Peptidase M 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Lecithin retinol acyltransferase | EC 2.3.1.135; Phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol-binding protein 2 | Cellular retinol-binding protein II; CRBP-II | Homo sapiens (human) |
| All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase | EC 1.3.99.23; All-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturase; RetSat; PPAR-alpha-regulated and starvation-induced gene protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein M | Apo-M; ApoM; Protein G3a | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol-binding protein 3 | Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein; IRBP; Interstitial retinol-binding protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol-binding protein 1 | Cellular retinol-binding protein; CRBP; Cellular retinol-binding protein I; CRBP-I | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein A-II | Apo-AII; ApoA-II; Apolipoprotein A2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein C-II | Apo-CII; ApoC-II; Apolipoprotein C2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein A-IV | Apo-AIV; ApoA-IV; Apolipoprotein A4 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Phospholipase B1, membrane-associated | Phospholipase B; hPLB; Lysophospholipase; 3.1.1.5; Phospholipase A2; 3.1.1.4; Phospholipase B/lipase; PLB/LIP; Triacylglycerol lipase; 3.1.1.3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| S-arrestin | 48 kDa protein; Retinal S-antigen; S-AG; Rod photoreceptor arrestin | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Short-wave-sensitive opsin 1 | Blue cone photoreceptor pigment; Blue-sensitive opsin; BOP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 1; Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha-1; CNG channel alpha-1; CNG-1; CNG1; Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, photoreceptor; Rod photoreceptor cGMP-gated channel subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Recoverin | Cancer-associated retinopathy protein; Protein CAR | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 1 | PPEF-1; EC 3.1.3.16; Protein phosphatase with EF calcium-binding domain; PPEF; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 7; PP7 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase | EC 1.13.11.63; Beta-carotene dioxygenase 1; Beta-carotene oxygenase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 3 | GCAP 3; Guanylate cyclase activator 1C | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 1 | Na(+)/K(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange protein 1; Retinal rod Na-Ca+K exchanger; Solute carrier family 24 member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 | EC 1.1.1.300; DD83.1; Retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1; retSDR1; Retinol dehydrogenase 17; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Apolipoprotein E | Apo-E | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1 | Green cone photoreceptor pigment; Green-sensitive opsin; GOP | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Colipase | | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1 | Transducin alpha-1 chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 | Transducin gamma chain | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinal-specific phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA4 | EC 7.6.2.1; ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 4; RIM ABC transporter; RIM protein; RmP; Retinal-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter; Stargardt disease protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Unconventional myosin-VIIa | | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Regulator of G-protein signaling 9-binding protein | RGS9-anchoring protein | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cytochrome P450 4V2 | Docosahexaenoic acid omega-hydroxylase CYP4V2; 1.14.14.79; Long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase; 1.14.14.80 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase | CLNMT; CaM KMT; EC 2.1.1.60 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 | GPI-HBP1; GPI-anchored HDL-binding protein 1; High density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol dehydrogenase 11 | EC 1.1.1.300; Androgen-regulated short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1; HCV core-binding protein HCBP12; Prostate short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1; Retinal reductase 1; RalR1; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 7C member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Retinol dehydrogenase 12 | EC 1.1.1.300; All-trans and 9-cis retinol dehydrogenase; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 7C member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6 | Retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6; Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 protein homolog | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase | EC 1.13.11.71; B-diox-II; Beta-carotene dioxygenase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 2 | GCAP 2; Guanylate cyclase activator 1B | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| cobalt | A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis. |
| NADH | |
| Calcium | A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. |
| iron | A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN. |
| Orthophosphate | |
| retinol | |
| beta carotene | A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). |
| retinol palmitate | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure |
| Cholesterol | The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. |
| retinaldehyde | A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer. |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. |
| potassium | An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. |
| Magnesium | A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. |
| Sodium | A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| palmitic acid | A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. |
| Guanosine Monophosphate | A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. |
| cyclic gmp | Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) |
| Guanosine Diphosphate | A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. |
| Guanosine Monophosphate | A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. |
| s-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a | |
| nad | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| NADP | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| 13,14-dihydroretinol | |
| 11-cis-Retinol | |
| 11-cis-retinal | |
| adenosine triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| beta-apo-10'-carotenal | structure in first source |
| s-adenosylmethionine | Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed) |
| Coenzyme A | |
| Palmitoyl Coenzyme A | A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. |
| beta-ionone | stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure |