Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Metabolism of cofactors

Proteins (19)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Sepiapterin reductaseSPR; EC 1.1.1.153Homo sapiens (human)
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alphaEC 3.6.4.10; Heat shock 86 kDa; HSP 86; HSP86; Lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 2; LAP-2; LPS-associated protein 2; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-38Homo sapiens (human)
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinaseEC 2.7.11.1; Protein kinase B; PKB; Protein kinase B alpha; PKB alpha; Proto-oncogene c-Akt; RAC-PK-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
6-pyruvoyl tetrahydrobiopterin synthasePTP synthase; PTPS; EC 4.2.3.12Homo sapiens (human)
Dihydrofolate reductaseEC 1.5.1.3Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2cGK 2; cGK2; EC 2.7.11.12; cGMP-dependent protein kinase II; cGKIIHomo sapiens (human)
5-demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase, mitochondrialDMQ hydroxylase; EC 1.14.99.60; Timing protein clk-1 homolog; Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ7Homo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmicIDH; EC 1.1.1.42; Cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase; IDP; NADP(+)-specific ICDH; Oxalosuccinate decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Calmodulin-1Homo sapiens (human)
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelialEC 1.14.13.39; Constitutive NOS; cNOS; EC-NOS; Endothelial NOS; eNOS; NOS type III; NOSIIIHomo sapiens (human)
GTP cyclohydrolase 1EC 3.5.4.16; GTP cyclohydrolase I; GTP-CH-IHomo sapiens (human)
Ubiquinone biosynthesis protein COQ9, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory proteinGFRP; GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulatory protein; p35Homo sapiens (human)
2-methoxy-6-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol methylase, mitochondrialEC 2.1.1.201; Ubiquinone biosynthesis methyltransferase COQ5Homo sapiens (human)
All trans-polyprenyl-diphosphate synthase PDSS1All-trans-decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 1; 2.5.1.91; Decaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase subunit 1; Decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 1; Solanesyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 1; Trans-prenyltransferase 1; TPT 1Homo sapiens (human)
All trans-polyprenyl-diphosphate synthase PDSS2All-trans-decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 2; 2.5.1.91; Candidate tumor suppressor protein; Decaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase subunit 2; Decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 2; Solanesyl-diphosphate synthase subunit 2Homo sapiens (human)
4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, mitochondrial 4-HB polyprenyltransferase; EC 2.5.1.39; 4-hydroxybenzoate decaprenyltransferase; COQ2 homolog; hCOQ2; Para-hydroxybenzoate--polyprenyltransferase; PHB:PPT; PHB:polyprenyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Ubiquinone biosynthesis O-methyltransferase, mitochondrial3-demethylubiquinol 3-O-methyltransferase; 2.1.1.64; Polyprenyldihydroxybenzoate methyltransferase; 2.1.1.114Homo sapiens (human)
Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ6, mitochondrialEC 1.14.13.-; Coenzyme Q10 monooxygenase 6Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (30)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
IronA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Flavin MononucleotideA coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
ubiquinolreduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10
Guanosine MonophosphateA guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
dyspropterinintermediate in biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin; structure given in first source
sapropterinRN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases
sapropterinRN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases
isopentenyl pyrophosphatesubstrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
alpha-Ketoglutarate
formate
farnesyl pyrophosphatea sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoateintermediate in biosynthesis of ubiquinone
Peroxynitrite
s-adenosylhomocysteine5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
hemeThe color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils