Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Lactate shuttle in glial cells

Proteins (17)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Carbonic anhydrase 2EC 4.2.1.1; Carbonate dehydratase II; Carbonic anhydrase C; CAC; Carbonic anhydrase II; CA-IIHomo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1Glucose transporter type 1, erythrocyte/brain; GLUT-1; HepG2 glucose transporterHomo sapiens (human)
Carbonic anhydrase 4EC 4.2.1.1; Carbonate dehydratase IV; Carbonic anhydrase IV; CA-IVHomo sapiens (human)
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2Glutamate/aspartate transporter II; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
Monocarboxylate transporter 1MCT 1; Solute carrier family 16 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Monocarboxylate transporter 2MCT 2; Solute carrier family 16 member 7Homo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3Homo sapiens (human)
Monocarboxylate transporter 4MCT 4; Solute carrier family 16 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
Hexokinase-1EC 2.7.1.1; Brain form hexokinase; Hexokinase type I; HK I; Hexokinase-AHomo sapiens (human)
Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase NUDT14UDPG pyrophosphatase; UGPPase; EC 3.6.1.45; Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 14; Nudix motif 14Homo sapiens (human)
Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter; Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter; Solute carrier family 4 member 4; kNBC1Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate receptor 3GluR-3; AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 3; GluR-C; GluR-K3; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3; GluA3Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamine synthetaseGS; EC 6.3.1.2; Glutamate--ammonia ligase; Palmitoyltransferase GLUL; 2.3.1.225Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate receptor 1GluR-1; AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1; GluR-A; GluR-K1; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 1; GluA1Homo sapiens (human)
Glutamate receptor 2GluR-2; AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2; GluR-B; GluR-K2; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2; GluA2Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrialGLS; EC 3.5.1.2; K-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)

Compounds (16)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
ammonium hydroxideThe hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
GlutamineA non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.
hydrogen carbonate
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
hydroxide ion
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Pyruvic AcidAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Uridine Diphosphate GlucoseA key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.
glucose-1-phosphateRN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer
Glutamate
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Glucose-6-PhosphateAn ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed)