Page last updated: 2024-10-06
Lactate shuttle in glial cells
Proteins (17)
| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | EC 4.2.1.1; Carbonate dehydratase II; Carbonic anhydrase C; CAC; Carbonic anhydrase II; CA-II | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 | Glucose transporter type 1, erythrocyte/brain; GLUT-1; HepG2 glucose transporter | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | EC 4.2.1.1; Carbonate dehydratase IV; Carbonic anhydrase IV; CA-IV | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 | Glutamate/aspartate transporter II; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Monocarboxylate transporter 1 | MCT 1; Solute carrier family 16 member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Monocarboxylate transporter 2 | MCT 2; Solute carrier family 16 member 7 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 | Glucose transporter type 3, brain; GLUT-3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Monocarboxylate transporter 4 | MCT 4; Solute carrier family 16 member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Hexokinase-1 | EC 2.7.1.1; Brain form hexokinase; Hexokinase type I; HK I; Hexokinase-A | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase NUDT14 | UDPG pyrophosphatase; UGPPase; EC 3.6.1.45; Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 14; Nudix motif 14 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 | Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter; Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter; Solute carrier family 4 member 4; kNBC1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor 3 | GluR-3; AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 3; GluR-C; GluR-K3; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3; GluA3 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamine synthetase | GS; EC 6.3.1.2; Glutamate--ammonia ligase; Palmitoyltransferase GLUL; 2.3.1.225 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor 1 | GluR-1; AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 1; GluR-A; GluR-K1; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 1; GluA1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | GluR-2; AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2; GluR-B; GluR-K2; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2; GluA2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 | Na(+)/K(+) ATPase alpha-2 subunit; EC 7.2.2.13; Sodium pump subunit alpha-2 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial | GLS; EC 3.5.1.2; K-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolase | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (16)
| Compound | Description |
|---|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| ammonium hydroxide | The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution. |
| Carbon Dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. |
| Glutamine | A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. |
| hydrogen carbonate | |
| potassium | An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. |
| Sodium | A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. |
| hydroxide ion | |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| Pyruvic Acid | An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) |
| Uridine Diphosphate Glucose | A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids. |
| glucose-1-phosphate | RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer |
| Glutamate | |
| adenosine triphosphate | An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. |
| Glucose-6-Phosphate | An ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed) |