Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs)

Proteins (12)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenaseEC 1.13.11.-; Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; 5-LO; 5-lipoxygenase; 1.13.11.34Homo sapiens (human)
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating proteinFLAP; MK-886-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2EC 1.14.99.1; Cyclooxygenase-2; COX-2; PHS II; Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2; PGH synthase 2; PGHS-2; Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Cytochrome P450 2E1EC 1.14.14.1; 4-nitrophenol 2-hydroxylase; 1.14.13.n7; CYPIIE1; Cytochrome P450-JHomo sapiens (human)
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolaseLTA-4 hydrolase; EC 3.3.2.6; Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase; Tripeptide aminopeptidase LTA4H; 3.4.11.4Homo sapiens (human)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX1512/15-lipoxygenase; Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, leukocyte-type; 12-LOX; 1.13.11.31; Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase; 15-LOX; 15-LOX-1; 1.13.11.33; Arachidonate omega-6 lipoxygenase; Hepoxilin A3 synthase Alox15; 1.13.11.-; Linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; 1.13.Homo sapiens (human)
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]15-PGDH; EC 1.1.1.141; Prostaglandin dehydrogenase 1; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 36C member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12EC 1.13.11.-; Arachidonate (12S)-lipoxygenase; 12S-LOX; 12S-lipoxygenase; 1.13.11.31; Arachidonate (15S)-lipoxygenase; 1.13.11.33; Linoleate (13S)-lipoxygenase; Lipoxin synthase 12-LO; 3.3.2.-; Platelet-type lipoxygenase 12Homo sapiens (human)
Leukotriene C4 synthaseLTC4 synthase; EC 4.4.1.20; Glutathione S-transferase LTC4; 2.5.1.-; Leukotriene-C(4) synthase; Leukotriene-C4 synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
Prostaglandin reductase 1PRG-1; 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase; 1.3.1.48; Dithiolethione-inducible gene 1 protein; D3T-inducible gene 1 protein; DIG-1; Leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase; NAD(P)H-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase; 1.3.1.74Homo sapiens (human)
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4EC 2.5.1.18; GST class-mu 4; GST-Mu2; GSTM4-4; Leukotriene C4 synthase GSTM4; 4.4.1.20Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (31)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
NADH
CalciumA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
ZincA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Glutathione DisulfideA GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.
eicosapentaenoic acidImportant polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
maresin 2
7,14-dihydroxydocosa-4,8,10,12,16,19-hexaenoic acidstructure in first source
17,18-dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acidRefSeq NM_126985
5s,12r,18r-trihydroxy-6z,8e,10e,14z,16e-eicosapentaenoic acida bioactive oxygenated product of EPA, was identified in human plasma and prepared by total organic synthesis; structure in first source
protectin DX
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
protectin d1a docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress; structure in first source
resolvin e2structure in first source; derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid in contrast to resolvin D that derives from docosahexaenoic acid
resolvin d5isolated from E coli; structure in first source
leukotriene a4(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide5-HPETE is used inconsistently in literature as syn for cpds with various tetraene locants; RN given refers to (6,8,11,14)-isomer; RN in CA Vol 91 Form Index for (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer: 70968-82-0; RN for (5,8,11,13)-isomer: 71133-12-5; in Merck, arachidonic acid is the (5,8,11,14)-isomer
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid, (s)-(e,z,z,z)-isomer
lipoxin a4an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acidpotent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
glutamate
17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acidRN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/90
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acidRN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 4/89
resolvin d1an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator; structure in first source
14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, (S-(E,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z))-isomer