Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Bile acid and bile salt metabolism

Proteins (30)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylaseCH24H; EC 1.14.14.25; Cholesterol 24-monooxygenase; Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 46A1Homo sapiens (human)
Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetaseVLACS; VLCS; EC 6.2.1.-; Arachidonate--CoA ligase; 6.2.1.15; Fatty acid transport protein 2; FATP-2; Fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase, very long-chain 1; Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase; 6.2.1.3; Phytanate--CoA ligase; 6.2.1.24; Solute carrier family 27 memHomo sapiens (human)
Bile acyl-CoA synthetaseBACS; EC 6.2.1.7; Bile acid-CoA ligase; BA-CoA ligase; BAL; Cholate--CoA ligase; Fatty acid transport protein 5; FATP-5; Fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase, very long-chain 3; Solute carrier family 27 member 5; Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase homolog 2; VLCHomo sapiens (human)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3EC 7.6.2.-; EC 7.6.2.2; EC 7.6.2.3; Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2; Multi-specific organic anion transporter D; MOAT-D; Multidrug resistance-associated protein 3Homo sapiens (human)
Bile acid receptorFarnesoid X-activated receptor; Farnesol receptor HRR-1; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4; Retinoid X receptor-interacting protein 14; RXR-interacting protein 14Homo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Liver-specific organic anion transporter 1; LST-1; OATP-C; Sodium-independent organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2; OATP-2; Solute carrier family 21 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
AlbuminHomo sapiens (human)
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaNuclear receptor subfamily 2 group B member 1; Retinoid X receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrialEC 1.14.15.15; 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol 26-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P-450C27/25; Cytochrome P450 27; Sterol 27-hydroxylase; Vitamin D(3) 25-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1NCoA-1; EC 2.3.1.48; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 74; bHLHe74; Protein Hin-2; RIP160; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-52; Steroid receptor coactivator 1; SRC-1Homo sapiens (human)
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase EC 5.1.99.4; 2-methylacyl-CoA racemaseHomo sapiens (human)
StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5START domain-containing protein 5; StARD5Homo sapiens (human)
Oxysterol-binding protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
GastrotropinGT; Fatty acid-binding protein 6; Ileal lipid-binding protein; ILBP; Intestinal 15 kDa protein; I-15P; Intestinal bile acid-binding protein; I-BABPHomo sapiens (human)
Nuclear receptor coactivator 2NCoA-2; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 75; bHLHe75; Transcriptional intermediary factor 2; hTIF2Homo sapiens (human)
Bile salt export pumpEC 7.6.2.-; ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 11Homo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2OATP-A; Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1; OATP-1; Sodium-independent organic anion transporter; Solute carrier family 21 member 3Homo sapiens (human)
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporterApical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; ASBT; Ileal Na(+)/bile acid cotransporter; Ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; IBAT; ISBT; Na(+)-dependent ileal bile acid transporter; Sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, ileal; Solute Homo sapiens (human)
Sodium/bile acid cotransporterCell growth-inhibiting gene 29 protein; Na(+)/bile acid cotransporter; Na(+)/taurocholate transport protein; Sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide; Solute carrier family 10 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Organic solute transporter subunit alphaOST-alpha; Solute carrier family 51 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3Liver-specific organic anion transporter 2; LST-2; Organic anion transporter 8; Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 8; OATP-8; Solute carrier family 21 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2MFE-2; 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4; 17-beta-HSD 4; D-bifunctional protein; DBP; Multifunctional protein 2; MFP-2; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 8C member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2EC 1.17.99.3; 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase; 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA oxidase; Trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA oxidase; THCA-CoA oxidase; THCCoxHomo sapiens (human)
Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferaseBACAT; BAT; EC 2.3.1.65; Bile acid-CoA thioesterase; Choloyl-CoA hydrolase; 3.1.2.27; Glycine N-choloyltransferase; Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA hydrolase; 3.1.2.2Homo sapiens (human)
Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8; EC 3.1.2.1; EC 3.1.2.11; EC 3.1.2.2; EC 3.1.2.3; EC 3.1.2.5; Choloyl-coenzyme A thioesterase; 3.1.2.27; HIV-Nef-associated acyl-CoA thioesterase; Peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2; PTE-2; Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hyHomo sapiens (human)
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylaseEC 1.14.99.38; Cholesterol 25-monooxygenase; h25OHHomo sapiens (human)
24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylaseEC 1.14.14.26; Cytochrome P450 39A1; hCYP39A1; Oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1EC 1.3.1.3; 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase; Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5-beta-reductase; Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductaseHomo sapiens (human)
Organic solute transporter subunit betaOST-beta; Solute carrier family 51 subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 73 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type VII; 3-beta-HSD VII; 3-beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-C27 steroid oxidoreductase; C(27) 3-beta-HSD; 1.1.1.-; Cholest-5-ene-3-beta,7-alpha-diol 3-beta-dehydrogenase; 1.1.1.181Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (37)

CompoundDescription
hydronium ion
NADH
deoxycholic acidA bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
ironA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Orthophosphate
CholesterolThe principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
Hydrogen PeroxideA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
7,25-dihydroxycholesterolhas various immunosupressive effects; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88
24-hydroxycholesterol
3,7,12-trihydroxycholestan-26-oic acidRN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-isomer
7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-onestructure
adenosine monophosphateAdenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
nadA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
3,7,12-trihydroxycoprostaneintermediate in bile acid synthesis in liver; enhances rate of porphyrin synthesis in cultured liver cells by induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-isomer; structure
cholestane-3,7,12,26-tetrolprecursor of cholic acid biosyn in man; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-isomer
7 alpha,12 alpha,26-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-3-onestructure in first source
dihydroxycoprostaneintermediate in bile acid synthesis in the liver; enhance rate of prophyrin synthesis in cultured liver cells by induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha)-isomer; structure
7 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholesten-3-oneinermediate in bile acid biosynthesis
cholestane-3,7,26-triol
3,7,12-trihydroxycholestan-26-alstructure in first source
cholest-5-ene-3,7,27-triol
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
cholest-5-en-3 beta,7 alpha-diolsubstrate for hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; RN given refers to (3beta,7alpha)-isomer
7 alpha,26-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
Coenzyme A
DicyclomineA muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils
25-hydroxycholesterol
propionyl-coenzyme aRN given refers to parent cpd
cholest-5-ene-3 beta,26-diolisolated from human brain