zithromax and Zoonoses

SENLAT syndrome, also known as TIBOLA/DEBONEL, is an emerging disease in France. The major symptoms are necrotic eschar on the scalp associated with painful cervical lymphadenopathy. It occurs mainly in women and children during the cold seasons after a bite by a Dermacentor tick, responsible for transmitting Rickettsia slovaca or Rickettsia raoultii. Cutaneous swabs are safe, easy and reliable tools that should be used routinely by physicians to confirm diagnosis. In this particular disease, they should be preferred to serology, which is less sensitive. Doxycycline is the antibiotic of choice for this syndrome.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arachnid Vectors; Azithromycin; Bartonella henselae; Bartonella Infections; Dermacentor; Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycycline; Europe; France; Humans; Josamycin; Lyme Disease; Lymphatic Diseases; Neck; Necrosis; Rickettsia; Rickettsia Infections; Scalp Dermatoses; Species Specificity; Symptom Assessment; Syndrome; Tick Bites; Tick-Borne Diseases; Zoonoses

Human babesiosis has been documented in many countries. It is a zoonotic protozoan disease of medical, veterinary and economic importance. In this study, a twelve years old boy was referred to the hospital with intermittent fever of unknown origin. On clinical, parasitological and serological bases the case proved to be babesiosis. The boy acquired the infection from his pet dog which was heavily infested with Rhipicephalus sanguineus and suffered a mild feature of animal babesiosis. The patient was successfully treated with Atovaquone plus Azithromycin without relapse for one month follow up. The pet dog was sent to Governmental Veterinary Hospital at Abbassia for treatment from babesiosis and tick infestation.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Atovaquone; Azithromycin; Babesiosis; Child; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Male; Zoonoses

The appropriate antibiotic treatment for severe scrub typhus, a neglected but widespread reemerging zoonotic infection, is unclear.. In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we compared the efficacy of intravenous doxycycline, azithromycin, or a combination of both in treating severe scrub typhus. Patients who were 15 years of age or older with severe scrub typhus with at least one organ involvement were enrolled. The patients were assigned to receive a 7-day course of intravenous doxycycline, azithromycin, or both (combination therapy). The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause at day 28, persistent complications at day 7, and persistent fever at day 5.. Among 794 patients (median age, 48 years) who were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, complications included those that were respiratory (in 62%), hepatic (in 54%), cardiovascular (in 42%), renal (in 30%), and neurologic (in 20%). The use of combination therapy resulted in a lower incidence of the composite primary outcome than the use of doxycycline (33% and 47%, respectively), for a risk difference of -13.3 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -21.6 to -5.1; P = 0.002). The incidence with combination therapy was also lower than that with azithromycin (48%), for a risk difference of -14.8 percentage points (95% CI, -23.1 to -6.5; P<0.001). No significant difference was seen between the azithromycin and doxycycline groups (risk difference, 1.5 percentage points; 95% CI, -7.0 to 10.0; P = 0.73). The results in the per-protocol analysis were similar to those in the primary analysis. Adverse events and 28-day mortality were similar in the three groups.. Combination therapy with intravenous doxycycline and azithromycin was a better therapeutic option for the treatment of severe scrub typhus than monotherapy with either drug alone. (Funded by the India Alliance and Wellcome Trust; INTREST Clinical Trials Registry-India number, CTRI/2018/08/015159.).

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Double-Blind Method; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Middle Aged; Scrub Typhus; Zoonoses

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Drug Combinations; Drug Compounding; Drug Synergism; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Powders; Rhodococcus equi; Rifampin; THP-1 Cells; Toxicity Tests; Zoonoses

Human babesiosis caused by Babesia microti is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis of increasing importance due to its rising incidence and expanding geographic range(1). Infection with this organism, an intraerythrocytic parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, causes a febrile syndrome similar to malaria(2). Relapsing disease is common among immunocompromised and asplenic individuals(3,4) and drug resistance has recently been reported(5). To investigate the origin and genetic diversity of this parasite, we sequenced the complete genomes of 42 B. microti samples from around the world, including deep coverage of clinical infections at endemic sites in the continental USA. Samples from the continental USA segregate into a Northeast lineage and a Midwest lineage, with subsequent divergence of subpopulations along geographic lines. We identify parasite variants that associate with relapsing disease, including amino acid substitutions in the atovaquone-binding regions of cytochrome b (cytb) and the azithromycin-binding region of ribosomal protein subunit L4 (rpl4). Our results shed light on the origin, diversity and evolution of B. microti, suggest possible mechanisms for clinical relapse, and create the foundation for further research on this emerging pathogen.

Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Atovaquone; Azithromycin; Babesia microti; Babesiosis; Cytochromes b; Genetic Variation; Genome, Protozoan; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Protein Binding; Recurrence; Ribosomal Proteins; United States; Zoonoses

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Ceftriaxone; Doxycycline; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Scrub Typhus; Young Adult; Zoonoses

Topics: Animals; Azithromycin; Bartonella henselae; Cat-Scratch Disease; Cats; Ciprofloxacin; Clarithromycin; Humans; Insect Vectors; Serologic Tests; Siphonaptera; Zoonoses

To report a patient with non-HIV-related cryptosporidial diarrhea who was treated effectively with a regimen of high-dose azithromycin therapy.. A 42-year-old immunocompetent man contracted cryptosporidiosis from an ailing calf that he had purchased. He finally was admitted to the hospital because of excessive weight loss and profuse diarrhea. The patient was started on a course of high-dose azithromycin therapy and symptoms resolved within 48 hours. Follow-up stool cultures were negative for the parasite.. Although usually associated with immunocompromised patients, cryptosporidiosis occurs in immunocompetent hosts in a significant portion of the reported cases each year. Although self-limiting in most cases in this population, the disease can be severe at times and require treatment. Paromomycin therapy has been used in the past with good results. Although macrolides have had erratic effects against this parasite in the past, azithromycin (an azalide) demonstrated good efficacy in this patient.. Azithromycin has demonstrated that it may be an effective option for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients. Studies involving its use in immunocompromised patients are currently underway.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Cryptosporidiosis; Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Immunocompetence; Male; Zoonoses