zithromax and Thrombophilia

Topics: Azithromycin; Betacoronavirus; Biomarkers; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Hypoxia; Long QT Syndrome; Myocardial Infarction; Myocarditis; Pandemics; Pericarditis; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Thrombophilia; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Fibrillation

COVID-19 became a widespread infectious disease in late 2019. Indonesia currently has the highest COVID-19 mortality rate in Asia, between 4-5 percent. Interestingly, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy characterized by an increase of several procoagulant factor levels, including fibrinogen and D-dimer, that has been associated with higher mortality and unfavorable outcomes. We report a case of a 30-year-old male admitted to the hospital with a profuse vomiting and worsening fever, cough and shortness of breath, and was diagnosed with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Seven days after admission, he became deteriorated with significant reduction of oxygen saturation and his coagulation parameter levels were increased with highly suspicion of pulmonary embolism. He was treated with azithromycin, isoprinosine, lopinavir, and fondaparinux with thromboprophylaxis dosage since admission. The role of increased fondaparinux dosage at the time of clinical deterioration was then followed by clinical improvement and reduced D-dimer level. Anticoagulant therapy, mainly with fondaparinux, showed a better prognosis in patients with markedly elevated D-Dimer. Fondaparinux needs to be monitored appropriately to prevent bleeding and adverse. The patient was discharged from the hospital in an improved condition and normal D-Dimer levels. There was no bleeding event nor other major side effects had been found in this case. The decision for increasing dose of anticoagulant may be determined on individual basis, considering risks, benefits, and also the most important is clinical findings.

Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Azithromycin; Clinical Deterioration; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fondaparinux; Hemorrhage; Humans; Inosine Pranobex; Lopinavir; Male; Pulmonary Embolism; SARS-CoV-2; Thrombophilia; Treatment Outcome

A 71-year old gentleman with history of arterial hypertension treated with valsartan presented on was hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Bologna (Italy) for severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and received treatment with hydroxychloroquine 200mg bid (400 mg bid the first day), azithromycin 400 mg qd, thrombotic prophylaxis with enoxaparin 4000 UI qd and Venturi mask oxygen delivering FiO2 of 31%. The case highlights the high frequency of coagulopathy in patients with moderate to severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 associated disease (COVID-19). After one week the patient significantly improved and the daily dose of enoxaparin was reduced and definitively discontinued four days later. The case highlights the high frequency of coagulopathy in patients with moderate to severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 associated disease (COVID-19). Considering the available information we believe that LMWH may represent a promising treatment for COVID-19 but further well-designed trials are needed to address these points.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticoagulants; Antihypertensive Agents; Azithromycin; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enoxaparin; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Hypertension; Male; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Thrombophilia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Valsartan