zithromax and Enteritis

Topics: Azithromycin; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Enteritis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Rectal Diseases; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Arthritis, Reactive; Azithromycin; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Theoretical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rifampin; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tetracyclines; Time Factors; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis; Yersinia; Yersinia Infections

This paper aims to compare and analyze clinical efficacy of azithromycin and pefloxacin in treatment of acute enteritis. The 160 patients with acute enteritis were randomly divided into a study group (n=80) treated with azithromycin, and a reference group (n=80) treated with pefloxacin. We compared overall treatment efficiency (markedly, effective, invalid), clinical symptoms and signs remission time (antipyretic time, antidiarrheal time, symptoms and signs disappearance time), interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentration before and after treatment, adverse reactions rate (nausea, abdominal pain, headache, etc.). In comparison of overall treatment efficiency of the two groups, the results showed that the study group was significantly superior to the reference group (P<0.05). In comparison of clinical symptoms and signs remission time of the two groups, the study group were significantly shorter than the reference group (P<0.05). At the same time, in comparison of levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concentration after treatment, the study group was significantly superior to the reference group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in incidence of adverse reactions (P<0.05). The efficacy of azithromycin for acute enteritis is better than that of pefloxacin, and it can significantly reduce clinical symptom remission time. Moreover, safe and reliable, it has great value in clinical application.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; C-Reactive Protein; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Male; Middle Aged; Pefloxacin; Time Factors; Young Adult

The objective of this study was to perform a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the role of azithromycin and cefixime in the treatment of uncomplicated non-typhoid Salmonella enteritis in children.. Patients with Salmonella enteritis were randomized to receive oral azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day once daily), cefixime (10 mg/kg/day divided twice daily) or no antibiotics for 5 days. The patients were followed up for the duration of their symptoms. Stool samples were sent for culture weekly following the therapy until two consecutive negative results were obtained. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method.. Forty-two patients with acute, uncomplicated, culture-confirmed Salmonella enteritis were studied. Duration of diarrhoea and time to defervescence after the therapy were not significantly different for patients treated with azithromycin, cefixime, or no antibiotics; there also were no significant differences with respect to the rate of clearance of Salmonella from stools among the three groups. Salmonella typhimurium was the most common serotype isolated. All 42 isolates were sensitive to cefixime, while two strains (5%) were resistant to azithromycin.. Azithromycin or cefixime provides no benefit to paediatric patient with uncomplicated Salmonella enteritis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Salmonella Infections

Azithromycin (AZM), a new macrolide antibiotic, in fine granules and in capsules was administered at a standard dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days to pediatric patients with bacterial infections. AZM was studied for its pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation. 1. AZM possessed potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria that had been clinically isolated. 2. Plasma samples were collected from two patients diagnosed as having pneumonia or enteritis, and urine samples were collected from one patient diagnosed as having pneumonia for drug level determination. The drug concentrations in plasma were 0.095 and 0.204 microgram/ml just before the end of treatment, and 0.017 and 0.096 microgram/ml at 48 hours post-treatment. The drug concentrations in urine were 5.16 micrograms/ml and 5.63 micrograms/ml during a period between 24 and 48 hours and between 48 and 72 hours after the start of treatment, respectively. 3. The drug was found effective in 37 of 38 cases with various pediatric infections. AZM treatment eradicated bacteria in 17 of 30 strains (56.7%). 4. One patient complained of mild vomiting, while abnormal laboratory test results indicating mild eosinophilia were reported in four cases.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bacterial Infections; Capsules; Child; Child, Preschool; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pharyngitis; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Respiratory Tract Infections

We evaluated the use of azithromycin (500 mg) or ciprofloxacin (500 mg) daily for 3 days for the treatment of acute diarrhea among United States military personnel in Thailand. Stool cultures were obtained and symptoms were recorded on study days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 10. Campylobacter species were the most common pathogen isolated (44 isolates from 42 patients). All Campylobacter isolates were susceptible to azithromycin; 22 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Among the 42 patients with campylobacter infection, there were 2 clinical and 6 bacteriologic treatment failures in the ciprofloxacin group and no treatment failures in the azithromycin group (P = .021 for bacteriologic failures). Overall, azithromycin was as effective as ciprofloxacin in decreasing the duration of illness (36.9 hours vs. 38.2 hours, respectively) and the number of stools (6.4 vs. 7.8, respectively). Among those not infected with Campylobacter species (n = 30), the duration of illness was 32.9 hours vs. 20.7 hours (P = .03) for the azithromycin and ciprofloxacin groups, respectively. Azithromycin is superior to ciprofloxacin in decreasing the excretion of Campylobacter species and as effective as ciprofloxacin in shortening the duration of illness. Azithromycin therapy may be an effective alternative to ciprofloxacin therapy in areas where ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter species are prevalent.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Ciprofloxacin; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Male; Military Personnel; Thailand; Travel; United States

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Diagnosis, Differential; Enteritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Postoperative Complications

Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is an emerging infectious enteric disease caused by the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. EPE was tentatively diagnosed in six weanling foals, aged between 5 and 7 months. Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, ventral oedema, and weight loss. Plasma biochemistry consistently revealed severe hypoproteinaemia. The ante-mortem diagnosis of EPE was based on clinical signs, hypoproteinaemia (6/6), the detection of moderate-to-high titres of L. intracellularis antibody (6/6), and severe thickening of the small intestinal wall on ultrasonography (2/2), or L. intracellularis detected in faeces by PCR (I/2). The first foal died despite treatment and at post-mortem examination the tentative diagnosis was EPE. Three foals from the same farm, which showed similar clinical symptoms were treated with azithromycin and rifampicin; two survived. Post-mortem examination of the foal that died confirmed the tentative clinical diagnosis of EPE on the basis of the lesions found and the detection of L. intracellularis--DNA in the ileum and jejunum. The fifth foal died despite intensive treatment and the post-mortem examination revealed lymphohistiocytic enteritis, typhlitis, and widespread thrombosis in several organs. The sixth foal recovered completely after treatment. This report confirms the presence of clinical L. intracellularis infection in weanling foals in the Netherlands and shows the difficulty in reaching a definitive ante-mortem diagnosis.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Enteritis; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lawsonia Bacteria; Male; Netherlands; Rifampin; Weaning

A 2.5-yr-old, intact male Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) was observed to have a thickened ileum during exploratory laparotomy. Lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteritis was diagnosed using histopathology (Warthin-Starry stain), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ileal biopsy. The animal developed transient diarrhea and severe hypoproteinemia 16 days after surgery but recovered with intensive treatment using azithromycin. Given the fact that very specific tests are required for identifying this organism, L. intracellularis may be underdiagnosed in nonhuman primates.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Enteritis; Immunohistochemistry; Lawsonia Bacteria; Macaca; Male; Monkey Diseases; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Enteritis; Humans; Infant; Salmonella Infections

Azithromycin (AZM) in fine granules was studied for its pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacies in eight child patients with ages between 1 month and 8 years. Informed consent was received from all of their parents. AZM was administered to the patients once a day at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 3 days. The clinical efficacies of AZM in 8 patients with microbial infections (pneumonia in one, Mycoplasma pneumonia in two, acute tonsillitis in one, pertussis in one, Campylobacter enteritis in one, infectious enteritis in one, Salmonella enteritis in one) were evaluated as "excellent" in five cases, "good" in two and "not evaluable" in one. As for the microbial efficacy, isolated strains were eradicated in 2 out of 3 patients. No adverse reaction was found except for one case with abnormal laboratory change, that is mildly increased GPT value. Plasma samples were collected from 3 cases. The elimination half-life of AZM was 45.8 hours. AUC0-infinity was 12.6 micrograms.hr/ml. Urine sample was collected from one. AZM concentration in urine was 35.0 micrograms/ml during a period between 48 and 72 hours after the start of treatment.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Campylobacter Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Male; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Salmonella Infections; Tonsillitis