zeaxanthin and Melanoma

Melanoma cells are highly invasive and metastatic tumor cells and commonly express molecular alterations that contribute to multidrug resistance (e.g., BRAF

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carotenoids; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Dacarbazine; Humans; Melanoma; Microalgae; Mutation; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Vemurafenib; Zeaxanthins

The concern for implementing bioactive nutraceuticals in antioxidant-related therapies is of great importance for skin homeostasis in benign or malignant diseases. In order to elucidate some novel insights of

Topics: Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Fruit; Humans; Lycium; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Melanoma; Plant Extracts; Skin; Zeaxanthins

The glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa (Cp) was chemically investigated to identify pigments efficiently inhibiting malignant melanoma, mammary carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma cells growth. Cp water and ethanol extracts significantly inhibited the growth of the three cancer cell lines in vitro, at 100 µg · mL(-1). Flash chromatography of the Cp ethanol extract, devoid of c-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, enabled the collection of eight fractions, four of which strongly inhibited cancer cells growth at 100 µg · mL(-1). Particularly, two fractions inhibited more than 90% of the melanoma cells growth, one inducing apoptosis in the three cancer cells lines. The detailed analysis of Cp pigment composition resulted in the discrimination of 17 molecules, ten of which were unequivocally identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Pheophorbide a, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin were the three main pigments or derivatives responsible for the strong cytotoxicity of Cp fractions in cancer cells. These data point to Cyanophora paradoxa as a new microalgal source to purify potent anticancer pigments, and demonstrate for the first time the strong antiproliferative activity of zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin in melanoma cells.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cryptoxanthins; Cyanophora; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; MCF-7 Cells; Melanoma; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant; Pigments, Biological; Skin Neoplasms; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins

Zeaxanthin is the dihydroxy carotenoid and is distributed in our daily foods. Various natural carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, have been shown to inhibit proliferation of several types of cancer cells, but available data on the effect of zeaxanthin on skin fibroblasts and melanoma cells are limited. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) functions as a chemotactic factor for dermal fibroblasts and plays an important role in the progression of melanoma. In this study, we investigated the effects of zeaxanthin on the migration of skin fibroblasts induced by PDGF-BB and melanoma cells. We demonstrated that zeaxanthin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced skin fibroblast migration on collagen and gelatin by a modified Boyden chamber system. The electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) method also showed similar inhibitory effects of zeaxanthin on the migration of fibroblasts. In functional studies, zeaxanthin decreased melanoma-induced fibroblast migration in a non-contact coculture system and also the migration stimulated by melanoma-derived conditioned medium. Further analysis showed that zeaxanthin attenuated PDGF-BB and melanoma-conditioned medium induced phosphorylation of PDGFR-beta and MAP kinase in a concentration-dependent manner in human skin fibroblasts. However, these effects did not result from direct interaction of zeaxanthin with PDGF-BB. Thus, our results provide the first evidence showing that zeaxanthin is an effective inhibitor of migration of stromal fibroblasts induced by PDGF-BB and melanoma cells and this effect may further support its antitumor potential.

Topics: Becaplermin; Cell Communication; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Fibroblasts; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; Signal Transduction; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Wound Healing; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins