zeaxanthin and Hypertension

Background Systemic oxidative stress is involved in the development of hypertension, whereas carotenoids are a group of natural antioxidants. Our study aims to evaluate the relationships between the serum concentrations of major carotenoids and mortality in hypertensive adults. Methods and Results Data on 5 serum carotenoids from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 2001-2006 were included. Outcome measures (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality) were identified from the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Multiple Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to determine the association between carotenoid levels and outcomes. A total of 8390 hypertensive adults were included in the analysis. At a median follow-up duration of 16.6 years, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality occurred in 4005 (47.74%) and 1205 (14.36%) participants, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the highest quartiles of 5 major serum carotenoids were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56-0.71) for α-carotene, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.61-0.80); for β-carotene, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.58-0.76); for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.64-0.86) for lycopene; and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63-0.83) for lutein/zeaxanthin. For cause-specific mortality, this association with the fourth quartile of serum carotenoids was evident for a reduced rate of cardiovascular mortality, with a 32% reduction for α-carotene (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55-0.86]), a 29% reduction for β-cryptoxanthin (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56-0.89]), and a 26% reduction for lycopene (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.94]), but not for β-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin. In addition, we found that serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin levels were nonlinearly related to all-cause mortality with inflection points of 2.43, 8.49, 5.12, and 14.17 μg/dL, respectively. Serum α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations showed nonlinear associations with cardiovascular mortality with inflection points of 2.31, 5.26, and 15.40 μg/dL, respectively. Conclusions Findings suggest that higher serum carotenoid concentrations were associated with lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults.

Topics: Adult; beta Carotene; Beta-Cryptoxanthin; Carotenoids; Humans; Hypertension; Lutein; Lycopene; Nutrition Surveys; Xanthophylls; Zeaxanthins

This study aimed to assess the association of dietary carotenoid intake with risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic disease.Data were obtained from the 2005 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants aged ≥ 20 years with any chronic cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, were included in this cross-sectional study.We enrolled a total of 8655 cardiometabolic disease patients in the analysis. Compared to those in the lowest tertile, patients with cardiometabolic disease in the third tertiles of dietary α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin intakes demonstrated ORs for depression risk of 0.73 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.62, 0.87), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.81), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.82), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.91), and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.82), respectively. The third tertiles of dietary total carotenoid intake were also associated with reduced risk of depression (odds ratios (OR): 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.85) compared to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, restricted cubic splines showed that dietary total carotenoid intake had a U-shaped association with risk of depression, indicating a positive relation when the dietary total carotenoid intake was higher than the turning point.Overall, our study suggests the significant inverse associations of dietary α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid intakes with risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic diseases. In addition, we found a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between dietary total carotenoid intake and risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic diseases.

Topics: beta Carotene; Beta-Cryptoxanthin; Carotenoids; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diet; Humans; Hypertension; Lutein; Lycopene; Nutrition Surveys; Zeaxanthins