xanthohumol and Colorectal-Neoplasms

Flavonoids are plant bioactive compounds of great interest in nutrition and pharmacology, due to their remarkable properties as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor drugs. More than 5000 different flavonoids exist in nature, with a huge structural diversity and a plethora of interesting pharmacological properties. In this work, five flavonoids were tested for their potential use as antitumor drugs against three CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT-29 and T84). These cell lines represent three different stages of this tumor, one of which is metastatic. Xanthohumol showed the best antitumor activity on the three cancer cell lines, even better than that of the clinical drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), although no synergistic effect was observed in the combination therapy with this drug. On the other hand, apigenin and luteolin displayed slightly lower antitumor activities on these cancer cell lines but showed a synergistic effect in combination with 5-FU in the case of HTC116, which is of potential clinical interest. Furthermore, a literature review highlighted that these flavonoids show very interesting palliative effects on clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, mucositis, neuropathic pain and others often associated with the chemotherapy treatment of CRC. Flavonoids could provide a double effect for the combination treatment, potentiating the antitumor effect of 5-FU, and simultaneously, preventing important side effects of 5-FU chemotherapy.

Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apigenin; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Synergism; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Fluorouracil; HCT116 Cells; HT29 Cells; Humans; Luteolin; Palliative Care; Propiophenones

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most fatal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Despite having multifactorial causes, most CRC cases are mainly determined by dietary factors. In recent years, a large number of studies have attributed a protective effect to polyphenols and foods containing these compounds (fruits and vegetables) against CRC. Indeed, polyphenols have been reported to interfere with cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, acting as chemopreventive agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the main chemopreventive properties of some polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, chrysin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, catechin, resveratrol, and xanthohumol) against CRC, observed in cell culture models. From the data reviewed in this article, it can be concluded that these compounds inhibit cell growth, by inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis; inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, and/or metastasis; and exhibit anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effects. In turn, these effects involve multiple molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action, which are still not completely characterized. Thus, caution is mandatory when attempting to extrapolate the observations obtained in CRC cell line studies to humans.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Catechin; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Flavonoids; Fruit; Humans; Phenols; Polyphenols; Propiophenones; Quercetin; Resveratrol; Rutin; Stilbenes; Vegetables

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem and third most common deaths in western world. Dietary interventions together with modified dietary style can prevent the CRC in humans. Xanthohumol (XHA), a polyphenol isolated from Humulus lupulus L. contains many beneficial effects. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of XHA on Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced experimental CRC in rats. Levels of MDA were increased and enzymic antioxidants levels were decreased in AOM-induced rats. However, these levels were reversed upon XHA treatment. Further, the mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were also downregulated in XHA treated rats compared to AOM-induced rats. Further, we found that administration of XHA suppressed the wnt/β-catenin signaling together with modulation of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3. We conclude that XHA can able to quench the free radicals, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, thus it can be a chemopreventive/therapeutic agent against CRC.

Topics: Aberrant Crypt Foci; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Azoxymethane; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Flavonoids; Humans; Male; Propiophenones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In spite of chemotherapy and systematic screening for people at risk, the mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains consistently high, with 600,000 deaths per year. This low success rate in the treatment of CRC results from many failures associated with high resistance and the risk of metastasis. Therefore, in response to these therapeutic failures, new strategies have been under development for several years aimed at increasing the effect of anticancer compounds and/or at reducing their secondary effects on normal cells, thus enabling the host to better withstand chemotherapy. This study highlights that xanthohumol (Xn) concentrations under the IC

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA Damage; Flavonoids; Humans; Humulus; Propiophenones

Deregulation of glycolysis is a common phenomenon in human colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we reported that Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is overexpressed in human CRC tissues and cell lines, knockout of HK2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and xenograft tumor growth. We demonstrated that the natural compound, xanthohumol, has a profound anti-tumor effect on CRC via down-regulation of HK2 and glycolysis. Xanthohumol suppressed CRC cell growth both

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cytochromes c; Female; Flavonoids; Glycolysis; Hexokinase; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Nude; Propiophenones; Signal Transduction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Beer; Caco-2 Cells; Caspases; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Feeding Behavior; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Fluorouracil; Humans; Humulus; Irinotecan; Oxaliplatin; Plant Extracts; Propiophenones; Reactive Oxygen Species; Treatment Outcome; Xanthones