warfarin and Poisoning

warfarin has been researched along with Poisoning* in 27 studies

Reviews

1 review(s) available for warfarin and Poisoning

ArticleYear
Chemical poisonings in small animal practice.
    The Veterinary clinics of North America, 1972, Volume: 2, Issue:2

    Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Antidotes; Body Temperature; Cat Diseases; Cats; Charcoal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Emetics; Gastric Lavage; Glycols; Insecticides; Lead Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Poisoning; Respiration, Artificial; Thallium; Warfarin

1972

Other Studies

26 other study(ies) available for warfarin and Poisoning

ArticleYear
An analytical strategy for the identification of carbamates, toxic alkaloids, phenobarbital and warfarin in stomach contents from suspected poisoned animals by thin-layer chromatography/ultraviolet detection.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2019, Volume: 29, Issue:7

    In this study, an analytical strategy to identify brucine, strychnine, methomyl, carbofuran (alkaline compounds), phenobarbital, and warfarin (acid compounds) using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 254 nm in stomach content is shown. The optimum mobile phase was found to be a chloroform: ethyl acetate: diethylamine (0.5:8.5:1) mixture for alkaline substances while a mixture of chloroform: acetone (9:1) has given better results for acidic substances. As for extraction, an equal proportion between distillated water and crude material (1:1) is required. For alkaline compounds, a filtration system was created in order to avoid any interferences from the biological matrix while for acidic compounds only centrifugation (4000 rpm/10 minutes) was required to obtain an appropriate sample. After the respective pretreatments, a one-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been employed for alkaline substances using a 3 mL of chloroform: ethyl ether (2:1) mixture for 2 min while acidic analytes used 3 mL of chloroform only during 5 min. For both methodologies described, the respective organic layers were dried down and re-suspended with 50 µL of methanol for further TLC plate application. The methodologies have been developed, successfully validated and applied to gastric contents from real case samples of suspected animal poisoning. Positive results from TLC/UV screening were confronted with HPLC-UV and confirmed by GC-MS.

    Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Carbamates; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Contents; Phenobarbital; Poisoning; Warfarin

2019
Retrospective Study of the Characteristics of Anticoagulant-Type Rodenticide Poisoning in Hong Kong.
    Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2018, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Warfarin- and superwarfarin-type anticoagulants are commonly used as rodenticides. Exposure to these agents, especially superwarfarins with long-acting anticoagulant effect, can cause life-threatening coagulopathy in humans. Most superwarfarin poisoning cases had an obvious history of exposure, though occult cases without exposure history have also been reported. The current study aims to examine anticoagulant-type rodenticide poisoning in Hong Kong and to identify the similarities and differences between patients with known exposure history and those whose exposure is recognized only through laboratory testing.. The present study was conducted in a tertiary referral clinical toxicology laboratory in Hong Kong. This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with biochemically confirmed anticoagulant-type rodenticide exposure, from 2010 to 2014.. Superwarfarin was the most common group of anticoagulant-type rodenticides identified (87.8%), in which bromadiolone and brodifacoum were the most frequently encountered. Among the 41 cases identified, 31 had an obvious exposure history, and 10 were occult poisoning in which the context of exposure remained unidentified. All occult poisoning patients without exposure history presented with bleeding events. These occult poisoning cases often went unrecognized by frontline clinicians, leading to delayed investigation and initiation of treatment. This group of patients was associated with a longer time to diagnose coagulopathy (p < 0.001) and confirm rodenticide poisoning (p < 0.05), a higher rate of international normalized ratio (INR) rebound after initiation of antidote (p < 0.001), and a longer time needed for normalizing INR (p < 0.05).. Occult superwarfarin poisoning is an important yet under-recognized differential cause of unexplained coagulopathy. A high index of clinical suspicion and availability of specialized toxicological test for superwarfarins play a vital role in diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate management. The underlying cause of such poisoning remains obscure and warrants further study.

    Topics: 4-Hydroxycoumarins; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Cohort Studies; Female; Hemorrhage; Hong Kong; Humans; Infant; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Retrospective Studies; Rodenticides; Vitamin K; Warfarin; Young Adult

2018
Superwarfarin ingestion treated successfully with prothrombin complex concentrate.
    The American journal of emergency medicine, 2016, Volume: 34, Issue:1

    Superwarfarin, a common component of rat poison, can cause long-lasting, severe coagulopathy and life-threatening hemorrhage when ingested. We report a case of intentional rat poison consumption with subsequent hemorrhage and hypotension requiring rapid coagulopathy reversal and resuscitation in the emergency department. In addition to traditional blood products, prothrombin complex concentrate was administered. Although prothrombin complex concentrate is increasingly used for severe hemorrhage in anticoagulated patients, it may be particularly useful in superwarfarin ingestions given the extreme, persistent coagulapathies that can occur.

    Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation Factors; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Vitamin K; Warfarin

2016
Severely diminished response to vitamin K-treatment for self-inflicted warfarin intoxication in a patient genotyped as CYP2C9*3*3.
    European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 65, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Coagulants; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Female; Genotype; Humans; Poisoning; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K; Warfarin

2009
[Patient with warfarin poisoning caused by coumarin rodenticide].
    Chudoku kenkyu : Chudoku Kenkyukai jun kikanshi = The Japanese journal of toxicology, 2008, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    We report a patient who attempted suicide by taking warfarin as a coumarin rodenticide twice, and showed oral bleeding and an abnormally prolonged bleeding tendency after 10 days. He was conscious. His body temperature was 36.6 degrees C, the respiratory rate was 23/min, and blood pressure was 142/87 mmHg. A bite wound showing continuous bleeding was observed on the right side of the oral cavity. CT of the head and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no intracranial and gastrointestinal bleeding,respectively. The PT and INR were extremely high, and complete blood count revealed anemia. Blood chemistry showed hypoproteinemia. Occult blood was strongly positive. Routine urine examination and electrocardiography showed neither abnormal nor characteristic findings. In drug/ poison screening tests, GC/MS analysis revealed warfarin artifacts in serum and urine samples. Warfarin was isolated from each sample, converted to a TMS derivative, and quantified by SIM analysis of GC/MS. During the clinical course, KaytwoN (vitamin K) was intravenously administered at a dose of 20 mg since the INR at the first consultation was 20.89. After admission to the ICU, 20 mg Kaywan (vitamin K) was orally administered, and the INR after 5 hours improved to 2.32. Kaywan administration (20 mg/day) was initiated, and he improved and was discharged 5 days after admission. The definite cause could be clarified by drug/poison analysis, and effective treatment could be performed.

    Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Coumarins; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Suicide, Attempted; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K; Warfarin

2008
Case of the month: "Oh! Drat!--A case of transcutaneous superwarfarin poisoning and its recurrent presentation".
    Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2007, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Superwarfarin poisoning is considered a significant public health problem in the US. In 2004, there were 16,054 cases of poisoning; most were accidental ingestions of rat bait by children but 4576 patients required hospital treatment, 23 patients had major adverse outcomes and 1 patient died. Similar information is unavailable for the UK. The National Poisons Information Service is presently auditing cases. The case of a farmer who presented with haematuria, 9 days after spilling a rodenticide containing a superwarfarin over himself is reported here. He was physically well except for mild abdominal tenderness. He had grossly deranged clotting studies (prothrombin time (PT) >200 s, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 56 s) that were rapidly corrected with fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K. He was sent home after 5 days without follow up. Unfortunately, he presented again 2 days later, again with haematuria and an international normalised ratio (INR) >10. He required inpatient treatment with high-dose vitamin K for 1 week. Upon discharge, he required daily vitamin K and INR monitoring for a further month. The original inpatient team had not identified the specific poison (chlorophacinone). They were unaware that superwarfarins are more potent and longer acting than warfarin, with toxic effects for weeks or even months, and that large doses of vitamin K are often required.

    Topics: Hematuria; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Prothrombin Time; Recurrence; Rodenticides; Vitamin K; Warfarin

2007
Superwarfarin poisoning--a report of 4 cases.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2002, Volume: 92, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Warfarin

2002
Practitioner report involving intravenous use of vitamin K1 prompts label review and revision.
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2001, Jun-01, Volume: 218, Issue:11

    Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Animals; Anticoagulants; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Labeling; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Poisoning; Rodenticides; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Vitamin K 1; Warfarin

2001
Warfarin toxicity in the emergency department: recommendations for management.
    Emergency medicine (Fremantle, W.A.), 2001, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    To examine patients who presented to a hospital emergency department with evidence of warfarin toxicity, and to review the available published literature to determine what guidelines are available for management of this problem.. A retrospective analysis of all adult patients who presented to The Geelong Hospital Emergency Department between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 1998 with international normalized ratio > 6 due to warfarin toxicity.. A total of 84 patients with international normalized ratio > 6 were included in the study. The average age was 68.3 years. Fifty-three per cent were women. The international normalized ratio was between 6 and 10 in 33 patients (39%), and greater than 10 in 51 patients (61%). Major bleeding occurred in 16.7% of patients, minor bleeding in 17.8%. Sixty-five per cent had no bleeding. Seven patients died, four of those with bleeding. Patients with an international normalized ratio > 10 were more likely to receive fresh frozen plasma (77.6% vs 28.6%; P < 0.001) and in greater amounts (3.0 units vs 0.8 units; P < 0.001) than those with an international normalized ratio of 6-10. There were also more episodes of major bleeding, although not significant. Patients with major bleeding were older (mean 75.4 years vs 67.5 years; P = 0.04), more likely to be admitted (P = 0.046), were more often given fresh frozen plasma (P = 0.003) and in greater amounts (3.28 units vs 2.0 units; P = 0.02).. Warfarin toxicity is a common problem, and variation in management is not surprising considering the lack of consensus in the literature on this topic. Current recommendations are summarized and a simple flowchart for management of this problem is provided.

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Anticoagulants; Emergency Treatment; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma; Poisoning; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Victoria; Vitamin K; Warfarin

2001
Poisoning of wildlife with anticoagulant rodenticides in New York.
    Journal of wildlife diseases, 1999, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    From 1971 through 1997, we documented 51 cases (55 individual animals) of poisoning of non-target wildlife in New York (plus two cases in adjoining states) (USA) with anticoagulant rodenticides--all but two of these cases occurred in the last 8 yrs. Brodifacoum was implicated in 80% of the incidents. Diphacinone was identified in four cases, bromadiolone in three cases (once in combination with brodifacoum), and chlorophacinone and coumatetralyl were detected once each in the company of brodifacoum. Warfarin accounted for the three cases documented prior to 1989, and one case involving a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in 1995. Secondary intoxication of raptors, principally great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), comprised one-half of the cases. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were the most frequently poisoned mammals. All of the deer originated from a rather unique situation on a barrier island off southern Long Island (New York). Restrictions on the use of brodifacoum appear warranted.

    Topics: 4-Hydroxycoumarins; Animals; Animals, Wild; Anticoagulants; Bird Diseases; Deer; Hemorrhage; Indans; New York; Phenindione; Poisoning; Raccoons; Raptors; Rodenticides; Sciuridae; Warfarin

1999
[Voluntary poisoning with a rodenticide in an adolescent].
    Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 1999, Volume: 6, Issue:8

    Suicide attempts are frequent during adolescence. Intentional ingestion of rat poison is not well known in France. The complications of this are prolonged and may be serious.. An adolescent, 15 years old, with clinical hemorrhagic syndrome, had coagulation deficiency. Rat poison had been found in serum. The young girl recognized later that the ingestion of these toxins was intentional.. Suicide attempt with rat poison is exceptional, but we have to mention it when vitamin K-dependent factors failed without any other explication.

    Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Factor VII; Factor X; Female; Humans; Poisoning; Prothrombin; Rats; Rodenticides; Suicide, Attempted; Vitamin K 1; Warfarin

1999
Surreptitious superwarfarin poisoning with brodifacoum.
    Southern medical journal, 1997, Volume: 90, Issue:10

    Because of the emergence of warfarin resistance in rodents, second-generation anticoagulants named "superwarfarins" were developed and marketed in over-the-counter rodenticide products. The availability of these compounds has resulted in accidental or intentional human ingestions, which cause severe bleeding. The methods for diagnosis and treatment of patients using superwarfarins are different from those for patients taking the regular warfarins. We report a case of intentional superwarfarin ingestion that caused petechiae and hematuria. Although the patient denied taking anticoagulant, the persistence of vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency led us to investigate the serum for anticoagulant rodenticides. We found high levels of brodifacoum, a superwarfarin compound. This case emphasizes the need for suspicion of superwarfarin poisoning in patients who show unexplained bleeding due to deficiency of vitamin K-dependent factors and resistance to treatment.

    Topics: 4-Hydroxycoumarins; Adult; Blood Coagulation Tests; Hematuria; Humans; Male; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Vitamin K Deficiency; Warfarin

1997
Warfarin debate.
    Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 1994, Volume: 148, Issue:8

    Topics: Acute Disease; Aftercare; Child; Humans; Poisoning; Warfarin

1994
Cutaneous exposure to warfarin-like anticoagulant causing an intracerebral hemorrhage: a case report.
    Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1994, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    A case of intercerebral hematoma due to warfarin-induced coagulopathy is presented. The 39-year-old woman had spread a warfarin-type rat poison around her house weekly using her bare hands, with no washing post application. Percutaneous absorption of warfarin causing coagulopathy, reported three times in the past, is a significant risk if protective measures, such as gloves, are not used. An adverse drug interaction with piroxicam, which she took occasionally, may have exacerbated the coagulopathy.

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Piroxicam; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Warfarin

1994
Acute pediatric warfarin (Coumadin) ingestion: toxic effects despite early treatment.
    American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1993, Volume: 147, Issue:6

    Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Infant; Male; Poisoning; Prothrombin Time; Time Factors; Treatment Failure; Warfarin

1993
Management and treatment of toxicoses in cattle--2.
    Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC, 1979, Volume: 74, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Blood Transfusion; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cyanides; Drug Combinations; Insecticides; Lead Poisoning; Nitrates; Poisoning; Thiosulfates; Warfarin

1979
Letter: warfarin poisoning in domestic animals.
    British medical journal, 1975, May-31, Volume: 2, Issue:5969

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cats; Dogs; Poisoning; Rodent Control; Swine; Warfarin

1975
Toxicities in exotic and zoo animals.
    The Veterinary clinics of North America, 1975, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Bird Diseases; Birds; Deer; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Fluorine; Fluoroacetates; Lead Poisoning; Mercury Poisoning; Monkey Diseases; Mycotoxins; Pest Control; Plant Poisoning; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Warfarin; Xenarthra

1975
[Chronic warfarin toxicity to broiler chicks].
    Monatshefte fur Veterinarmedizin, 1973, Jan-15, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Chickens; Poisoning; Poultry Diseases; Warfarin

1973
The frequency of animal poisoning by warfarin.
    The Veterinary record, 1973, Jul-14, Volume: 93, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Poisoning; Surveys and Questionnaires; Warfarin

1973
Hepatitis after Konyne administration.
    The American journal of digestive diseases, 1972, Volume: 17, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Coagulation Factors; Child; Factor IX; Factor VII; Factor X; Female; Hemophilia B; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Antigens; Humans; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Prothrombin; Warfarin

1972
[Warfarin poisoning].
    The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 1970, Volume: 11, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Poisoning; Vitamin K 1; Warfarin

1970
[Comments on the paper by F. Marschang: studies during a mass poisoning by rat poison in pigs].
    Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 1970, Nov-01, Volume: 77, Issue:21

    Topics: Animals; Poisoning; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vitamin K; Warfarin

1970
[Toxicological chemical demonstration method of warfarin in material of animal origin and fodder substances].
    Archiv fur experimentelle Veterinarmedizin, 1968, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chromatography; Chromatography, Paper; Diagnosis, Differential; Methods; Poisoning; Rodenticides; Ultraviolet Rays; Warfarin

1968
HAEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS DUE TO CRIMINAL POISONING WITH WARFARIN.
    Acta medica Scandinavica, 1964, Volume: 176

    Topics: Blood Coagulation Tests; Criminals; Diagnosis; Factor IX; Factor VII; Factor X; Geriatrics; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Poisoning; Prothrombin Time; Toxicology; Vitamin K; Warfarin

1964
Warfarin poisoning; report of fourteen cases.
    United States Armed Forces medical journal, 1954, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Coumarins; Humans; Poisoning; Warfarin

1954