warfarin and Hematoma--Subdural--Chronic

To evaluate the efficacy and complications of subgaleal drain placement after two burr-holes evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).. Descriptive study.. The Neurosurgical unit of the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from April to November 2021.. Sixty-four consecutive patients diagnosed with surgically significant unilateral chronic subdural hematoma were prospectively included after obtaining informed consent. All the patients underwent two burr-holes craniectomies and evacuation, followed by subgaleal drain placement. Patient demographics, pre- and postoperative clinical information including hematoma resolution and complications were collected.. This study included 44 (69%) males and 20 (31%) females with a mean age of 70.1 ± 8 years. The most common presenting symptoms were headaches (70%) and confusion (68%). Eighteen patients (28%) were taking warfarin or other anticoagulants, whereas, 23 patients (36%) were taking antiplatelet medications at the time of presentation. Thirty-six (56.3%) patients had a history of head trauma. Warfarin use was statistically significant in the patients with no history of head injury. Fifty-five patients (85%) showed no significant recurrence on the 2 week postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. None of the patients had intraparenchymal hematoma or contusion of iatrogenic origin on postoperative CT scans.. Subgaleal drain placement after two burr-holes craniectomy led to high-resolution rates. However, no parenchymal injuries were attributed to the procedure.. Chronic subdural hematoma, Subdural drain, Subperiosteal drain, Burr-hole craniostomy.

Topics: Aged; Craniocerebral Trauma; Craniotomy; Drainage; Female; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Trephining; Warfarin

OBJECTIVEChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is commonly encountered in neurosurgical practice. However, surgical evacuation remains complicated by a high rate of reoperation. The optimal surgical approach to reduce the reoperation rate has not been determined. In the current study, the authors evaluated the prognostic value of clinical and radiographic factors to predict reoperation in the context of CSDH.METHODSA retrospective review of 325 CSDH patients admitted to an academic medical center in the United States, between 2006 and 2016, was performed. Clinical and radiographic factors predictive of the need for CSDH reoperation were identified on univariable and multivariable analyses.RESULTSUnivariable analysis showed that warfarin use, clopidogrel use, mixed hypo- and isointensity on T1-weighted MRI, greater preoperative midline shift, larger hematoma/fluid residual on first postoperative day CT, lesser decrease in hematoma size after surgery, use of monitored anesthesia care (MAC), and lack of intraoperative irrigation correlated with a significantly higher rate of reoperation. Multivariable analysis, however, showed that only the presence of loculation, clopidogrel or warfarin use, and percent of hematoma change after surgery significantly predicted the need for reoperation. Our results showed that 0% (no reduction), 50%, and 100% hematoma maximum thickness change (complete resolution of hematoma after surgery) were associated with a 41%, 6%, and < 1% rate of reoperation, respectively. The use of drains, either large diameter or small caliber, did not have any effect on the likelihood of reoperation.CONCLUSIONSAmong many factors, clopidogrel or warfarin use, hematoma loculation on preoperative CT, and the amount of hematoma evacuation on the first postoperative CT were the strongest predictors of reoperation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clopidogrel; Female; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Prognosis; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Warfarin

Studies on resuming anticoagulation after burr-hole drainage for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) are limited. To evaluate the safety for early warfarin resumption after burr-hole drainage, we conducted a retrospective matched cohort study.. Between January 2008 and April 2015, 36 patients with warfarin-related unilateral CSDH and 151 patients with ordinary unilateral CSDH were enrolled in this study. Patients taking warfarin were managed homogeneously according to the study protocol, and the usual dosage of warfarin was resumed within 2 or 3 days of burr-hole drainage to reach a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.1. The primary outcome, defined as recurrent CSDH requiring repeated burr-hole drainage within 3 months of the initial surgery, was compared between the two groups.. The primary outcome was observed in 4 (11%) of the 36 patients taking warfarin and in 18 (12%) of the 151 ordinary patients. After propensity score matching, the primary outcome was observed in 3 of 33 patients (9%) in the matched warfarin cohort and 11 of 74 patients (15%) in the matched ordinary cohort. When the results were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation, no significant difference was observed in the rate of recurrent CSDH between the 2 groups (P = 0.411). In addition, we found that recurrent CSDH was not related to postoperative international normalized ratio levels (P = 0.332).. There was no definitive association between postoperative early warfarin resumption and the recurrence rate of CSDH. Patients with warfarin-related CSDH and a strong indication for anticoagulation can be managed by resuming warfarin within 3 days of burr-hole drainage.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Drainage; Female; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Warfarin; Young Adult

Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Comorbidity; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Stroke; Warfarin

Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Clinical Competence; Decision Making; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Stroke; Warfarin

A 78-year-old man who had a history of myocardial and cerebral infarction and who was treated with aspirin and warfarin, presented with left chronic subdural hematoma. Cerebral computed tomography showed severe brain compression of hematoma with midline shift, indicating the need for emergent surgery. The hematology and clotting tests upon admission revealed severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 1.3 × 10(4)/μL) with normal clotting activity. Because platelet aggregation was evident in the smear, we re-examined the patient for hematology using tubes that contained heparin, showing also low platelet count (2.3 × 10(4)/μL). The day on admission, we performed irrigation and drainage of the chronic subdural hematoma through single burr-hole craniostomy. During surgery, we used 10 units of platelet concentrates (PCs) for the reason that the patient was taking aspirin and coagulopathy derived from low platelet count could not be excluded. After surgery, we re-evaluated the hematology of the blood stored in tubes that contained ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with or without kanamycin (KM). Treatment with KM dissociated EDTA-induced platelet aggregation and revealed platelet counts with highest accuracy (no KM treatment, 1.3 × 10(4)/μL; KM treatment, 15.2 × 10(4)/μL). This phenomenon is called EDTA-Dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) defined as falsely low platelet counts reported by automated hematology analyzers due to platelet aggretgation. Awareness of the phenomenon will enable neurosurgeons to manage patients with PTCP appropriately and clinical laboratory especially in emergency hospital is recommended to prepare for the hematological tubes being added KM in routine analysis, resulting in preventing mistaken diagnosis.

Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Calcium; Chelating Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Edetic Acid; False Negative Reactions; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Heparin; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Count; Preoperative Care; Thrombocytopenia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Warfarin

Eighty-one cases of chronic subdural haematomas (CSDH) admitted to the neurosurgical unit of the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia, over a 5-year period were reviewed. The use of anticoagulant therapy as a causative agent in the development of CSDH was investigated. We suspected a high incidence of anticoagulant or anti-thrombotic therapy. We found that anticoagulant therapy was used by a significant percentage of CSDH patients. In the patient group presenting to our unit the risk of developing a CSDH was at least 42.5 times higher in warfarinised patients and also increased for patients on aspirin, although this risk could not be quantified.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Glasgow Coma Scale; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Warfarin

We present a patient on warfarin in whom a drainage port system was attached to the skull, successfully draining a subacute subdural hematoma.. An elderly male presented to our institution with right hemiparesis a week following a motor vehicle accident. He was on warfarin for recurrent pulmonary emboli and suffered from severe coronary artery disease. Physical examination demonstrated a grade 3/5 hemiparesis and a computerized tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of subacute subdural hematoma. He underwent twist drill craniostomy and attachment of the subdural evacuating port system. Recovery in this patient was dramatic.. The subdural evacuating port system (SEPS) permits the neurosurgeon to drain subacute or chronic hematomas by a method that is minimally invasive, simple, and safe. The SEPS appears to promote brain expansion without the potential biohazards of other standard techniques.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Aged; Anticoagulants; Catheterization; Drainage; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic; Humans; Male; Pulmonary Embolism; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Warfarin