vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Skin-Diseases

Nutritional dermatoses are traditionally taught in the context of developing countries, famine, population displacement, and limited access to health care. In the United States, nutritional dermatoses may be underdiagnosed, leading to increased morbidity and utilization of hospital resources. These findings underscore the need for providers in developed nations to be able to identify these deficiencies. Dermatologists play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of patients with nutritional deficiencies, as they often present with cutaneous findings. Part 2 of this review series will focus on the epidemiology, impact, manifestations, and diagnosis of B-complex vitamins, which can present with cutaneous findings, including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and biotin.

Topics: Folic Acid; Humans; Micronutrients; Pantothenic Acid; Skin Diseases; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition is a good target for the treatment of lung, colon, pancreatic and head and neck cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor was first approved for the treatment of advanced lung cancer in 2002. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor plays an essential role in the treatment of cancer, especially for patients harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutation. Hence, skin toxicity is the most concerning issue for the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Skin toxicity is bothersome and sometimes affects the quality of life and treatment compliance. Thus, it is important for physicians to understand the background and how to manage epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated skin toxicity. Here, the author reviewed the mechanism and upfront preventive and reactive treatments for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-associated skin toxicities.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Aspirin; Dermatologic Agents; ErbB Receptors; Exanthema; Humans; Paronychia; Patient Education as Topic; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retinoids; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Skin Diseases; Sunscreening Agents; Vitamin K

The major clinical importance of plasma protein C is attested to by the strong association between inherited protein C deficiencies of half normal levels and recurrent venous thromboembolic disease. Homozygous protein C deficient individuals do not survive beyond infancy without continuous therapeutic intervention. The spectrum of protein C deficiency is becoming broader and includes patients with both abnormal molecules and half normal levels of functionally active molecules. Rarely, a few young adults with thrombosis have been identified with protein C levels below 25%. Studies of protein C activity have been hampered until the very recent developments of functional assays of plasma protein C. Application of these assays to a wide variety of clinical situations involving thrombotic complications is just beginning and may lead to an explosive proliferation of new data that should prove most fascinating and give much further insight into the contributions of protein C in the regulation of thrombosis.

Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation Factors; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Glycoproteins; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Liver Diseases; Male; Necrosis; Protein C; Pulmonary Embolism; Purpura; Skin Diseases; Thromboembolism; Thrombophlebitis; Vitamin K

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Blood Protein Disorders; Bromides; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Carcinoid Tumor; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Drug Eruptions; Edema; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Keratosis; Leukemia; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Penicillamine; Pruritus; Skin Diseases; Skin Manifestations; Vitamin K; Xanthomatosis

Topics: Biotin; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Micronutrients; Skin Diseases; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K

Data on six patients with a Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)-like phenotype, characterized by excessive skin folding (resembling cutis laxa) and a deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X) are presented. A comparison is made between the clinical, ultrastructural, and molecular findings in these patients and those seen in classic PXE and cutis laxa, respectively. Clinical overlap with PXE is obvious from the skin manifestations of yellowish papules or leathery plaques with dot-like depressions at presentation, angioid streaks and/or ocular peau d'orange, and fragmentation and calcification of elastic fibers in the dermis. Important phenotypic differences with PXE include much more severe skin laxity with spreading toward the trunk and limbs with thick, leathery skin folds rather than confinement to flexural areas, and no decrease in visual acuity. Moreover, detailed electron microscopic analyses revealed that alterations of elastic fibers as well as their mineralization were slightly different from those in classic PXE. Molecular analysis revealed neither causal mutations in the ABCC6 gene (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6), which is responsible for PXE, nor in VKORC1 (vitamin K 2,3 epoxide reductase), known to be involved in vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency. However, the GGCX gene (gamma-glutamyl carboxylase), encoding an enzyme important for gamma-carboxylation of gla-proteins, harbored mutations in six out of seven patients analyzed. These findings all support the hypothesis that the disorder indeed represents a separate clinical and genetic entity, the molecular background of which remains to be unraveled.

Topics: Adult; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Factors; Cutis Laxa; Dermis; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Phenotype; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum; Skin; Skin Diseases; Vitamin K

Anticoagulation instability due to a change in intake of vitamin K after dietary modification was observed in 2 patients on long-term oral anticoagulants. One patient developed diffuse bruises treated conservatively with fresh frozen plasma transfusion and the other had a thrombosed aortic prosthesis which required emergency operation. To prevent such complications, dietary modification especially with food rich in vitamin K should be undertaken with care in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants.

Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Blood Coagulation; Diet; Drug Interactions; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases; Thrombosis; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Warfarin

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases; Vitamin K

A female patient is described who developed skin and subcutaneous fat necrosis on two occasions after intake of acenocoumarol. Several months later identical skin changes occurred during an episode of cholestasis associated with a prolongation of the prothrombin time to an extent comparable with therapeutic anticoagulation; intake of oral anticoagulants could be excluded. This association gives new insights in the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the so-called coumarin necrosis and indicates that it may be not due to drug toxicity or allergy.

Topics: Acenocoumarol; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Coagulation Factors; Cholestasis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heparin; Humans; Necrosis; Recurrence; Skin Diseases; Thrombophlebitis; Vitamin K

Topics: Child; Coumarins; Heparin; Humans; Iliac Vein; Male; Necrosis; Obesity; Prognosis; Skin Diseases; Streptokinase; Thrombosis; Vitamin K

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anabolic Agents; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin K; Xylitol

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Capillary Resistance; Flavonoids; Humans; Rutin; Skin Diseases; Vitamin K

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Cholestanes; Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Allergic Agents; Calcium; Erythrocytes; Glucocorticoids; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Skin Diseases; Sodium Chloride; Vitamin K

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Diet; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Enzymes; Fermentation; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Hypersensitivity; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Avitaminosis; Dermatology; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Avitaminosis; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Skin Diseases; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Avitaminosis; Deficiency Diseases; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Growth; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Estradiol Congeners; Estrogens; Folic Acid; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Deficiency Diseases; Dermatology; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Deficiency Diseases; Humans; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Skin Diseases; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins