vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Sinusitis

The goal of the present study was to analyze the risk factors for epistaxis in patients followed in general practices in Germany.. The current study sample included patients aged 18 years or older who received a first epistaxis diagnosis between January 2012 and December 2016 (index date). Epistaxis patients and controls without epistaxis were matched (1:1) on the basis of age, gender, insurance status and physician.. A total of 16,801 patients with epistaxis and 16,801 control subjects were included in this study. Of the subjects, 53.2% were men, and the mean age was 59.6 years (SD=21.2 years). Epistaxis was found to be positively associated with hypertension, obesity, chronic sinusitis, other disorders of the nose and nasal sinuses, anxiety disorder, and adjustment disorder (ORs ranging from 1.13 to 1.44). Epistaxis was also associated with the prescription of vitamin K antagonists, preparations from the heparin group, platelet aggregation inhibitors excluding heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors, direct factor Xa inhibitors, other antithrombotic agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and nasal steroids (ORs ranging from 1.15 to 3.55).. Overall, epistaxis risk is increased by multiple medical and psychiatric disorders. Several antithrombotic and nasal steroid therapies are also associated with this risk.

Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Case-Control Studies; Epistaxis; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Germany; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Sinusitis; Vitamin K

Small-colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured from five patients with persistent and relapsing infections. All five SCV strains were nonhemolytic and nonpigmented and grew very slowly on routine culture media in an ambient atmosphere. In several instances, these phenotypic characteristics led to the initial misidentification of the organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory. All four strains available for further analysis were shown to be auxotrophs that reverted to normal growth and morphology in the presence of menadione, hemin, and/or a CO2 supplement. Similarly, these isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides under routine conditions but susceptible in the presence of the metabolic supplements. For two patients, the large and small colony forms isolated concurrently were indistinguishable when analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and thus represented phenotypic variants within individual clones. We propose a model relating the phenotypic characteristics of S. aureus SCVs with the clinical pattern of persistent and relapsing infection.

Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Infectious; Chronic Disease; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Genetic Variation; Hemin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Osteomyelitis; Phenotype; Recurrence; Sinusitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Vitamin K

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminocaproates; Anticoagulants; Cyclohexanes; Ethylamines; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sinusitis; Vitamin K