vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Osteomalacia

Vitamin D and K are nutrients necessary for bone health. Vitamin D insufficiency, which is milder than vitamin D deficiency to cause rickets and osteomalacia, is associated with increased fracture risk. Serum 25 (OH) D concentration, a good marker for vitamin D status, must be higher than the traditional held consensus of 20 ng/mL for bone health. Daily dose of 800 IU or higher is considered to be necessary for fracture prevention. Recently, much attention has been paid on extra-hepatic actions of vitamin K including bone. Elevated serum concentration of undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a sensitive marker for vitamin K inadequacy in the bone, is a risk factor for fracture independent of bone mineral density.

Topics: Biomarkers; Fats; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteocalcin; Osteomalacia; Rickets; Risk; Solubility; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency

This article provides an in-depth summary of standard and recently developed biochemical assays that are useful for the evaluation of the patient with metabolic bone disease. In addition, each of the common metabolic bone diseases is discussed in the context of the associated chemical abnormalities.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Calcitonin; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; Menopause; Osteitis Deformans; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Osteomalacia; Osteopetrosis; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Serum Albumin; Vitamin D; Vitamin K

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Ascorbic Acid; Breast Neoplasms; Calciphylaxis; Calcium; Growth Hormone; Humans; Osteogenesis; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Glands; Phosphates; Retinoids; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Humans; Osteomalacia; Rifampin; Vitamin K

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Osteomalacia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Pyridoxine; Rats; Scurvy; Seizures; Skull; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Celiac Disease; Diet Therapy; Dwarfism; Edema; Glutens; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypokalemia; Hypoproteinemia; Hypoprothrombinemias; Kidney Diseases; Malabsorption Syndromes; Osteomalacia; Vitamin K

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Biopsy; Blood; Blood Protein Disorders; Bone Diseases; Calcium Metabolism Disorders; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Folic Acid; Glutens; Humans; Hypocalcemia; In Vitro Techniques; Iron; Lipid Metabolism; Malabsorption Syndromes; Osteomalacia; Proteins; Radiography; Urine; Vitamin D; Vitamin K