vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Osteitis-Deformans

This article provides an in-depth summary of standard and recently developed biochemical assays that are useful for the evaluation of the patient with metabolic bone disease. In addition, each of the common metabolic bone diseases is discussed in the context of the associated chemical abnormalities.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Calcitonin; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; Menopause; Osteitis Deformans; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Osteomalacia; Osteopetrosis; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Serum Albumin; Vitamin D; Vitamin K

Topics: 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid; Adult; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Osteitis Deformans; Osteocalcin; Radioimmunoassay; Vitamin K

Serum osteocalcin (bone Gla-protein), a specific marker of osteoblastic activity, is only moderately increased in patients with active Paget's disease of bone, despite biochemical evidence of increased bone turnover. Because pagetic bone has an abnormal texture, such a discrepancy could be due to an abnormal carboxylation of osteocalcin. To test this hypothesis, we measured the fraction of decarboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of 11 patients with active Paget's disease of bone by the hydroxyapatite binding technique and the data were compared to those obtained in 10 controls and in 10 patients on vitamin K antagonist therapy. In contrast to the decreased decarboxylated fraction of osteocalcin in warfarin-treated patients (27 +/- 2.2%, P less than 0.01 vs controls), the fraction of decarboxylated osteocalcin was normal in pagetic patients (8.9 +/- 2.2% vs 6.5 +/- 1.7% in controls, n.s.). These data suggest that there is no abnormality of the osteocalcin carboxylation in Paget's disease. The disproportionate levels of circulating osteocalcin compared to the marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase in that disease could be due to other factors such as an increased binding of the protein to the woven bone matrix.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Decarboxylation; Durapatite; Female; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteocalcin; Radioimmunoassay; Vitamin K

Bone Gla protein (BGP) was measured in the plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA) during treatment of 59 patients with bone diseases including Paget's disease (N = 9), primary hyperparathyroidism (N = 25), chronic renal failure (N = 20), and cancer involving bone (N = 5). Plasma BGP was increased above normal in all patients. BGP decreased in the patients with Paget's disease following the acute and chronic administration of salmon calcitonin. Plasma BGP was higher in women then in men with primary hyperparathyroidism. Following parathyroidectomy, BGP decreased in both sexes but the decrease was significant in women only. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with renal osteodystrophy and did not change after hemodialysis. In the patients with bone cancer, plasma BGP decreased during treatment of the attendant hypercalcemia with salmon calcitonin. Although plasma BGP and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels were generally correlated in these studies, there were examples of dissociation between the two. The measurement of plasma BGP appears to provide a specific index of bone metabolism that may in some circumstances be more sensitive than serum alkaline phosphatase measurement. However, further studies are necessary to establish the clinical value of plasma BGP measurement by RIA in the management of patients with bone diseases.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Bone Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Osteitis Deformans; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Glands; Radioimmunoassay; Renal Dialysis; Vitamin K

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Electrodiagnosis; Iatrogenic Disease; Lumbosacral Region; Osteitis Deformans; Pathology; Radiography; Toxicology; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Bone Diseases; Disease; Multiple Sclerosis; Osteitis Deformans; Skull; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins