vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Kidney-Calculi

Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B

Topics: Calcium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Urolithiasis; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Milk products contaminated with melamine caused renal disease in young children in mainland China in 2008. The present study was designed to identify potential markers and assess the underlying metabolomic mechanisms of melamine-induced nephrolithiasis in young children. Urine samples were collected from healthy children (n=74) and from children diagnosed with nephrolithiasis (n=73) with either a positive (n=40) or a negative (n=33) history of melamine exposure. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to profile the abundances of metabolites. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to discriminate between the samples. Seven compounds were found to highly discriminate between healthy controls and nephrolithiasis patients with a history of melamine exposure. The critical markers such as proline and 5C-aglycone were the predominant markers in the control group and detected only rarely in nephrolithiasis patients with a history of melamine exposure. In contrast, hypoxanthine at was the most significant compound that distinguished nephrolithiasis patients with a history of melamine exposure. It was increased to 116.12±23.34 μg/L (mean±S.D.) in the melamine-induced nephrolithiasis group, whereas the non-melamine group was at the level of 67.47±9.33 μg/L (p<0.001). The biomarkers for melamine-induced nephrolithiasis identified by this study may have clinical application in determining the aetiology of renal disease in young children.

Topics: Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dipeptides; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Infant; Kidney Calculi; Least-Squares Analysis; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Nephrolithiasis; Proline; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triazines; Vitamin K

Solubilized microsomes from bovine liver, kidney and testis were compared with regard to their content of vitamin-K-dependent carboxylase, the presence of endogenous vitamin K as well as that of endogenous carboxylatable precursor proteins. The isolation and purification of these protein substrates was not successful. Using antibodies against various well characterized proteins containing gammacarboxyglutamic acid (Gla), we were able to identify precursors of the blood coagulation factors II, IX and X in liver microsomes. The nonhepatic proteins could not be identified in this way. Gla-containing proteins, however, were isolated from human sperm, urine and renal stones. It was demonstrated that - like osteocalcin - also the urinary Gla protein inhibits the precipitation of various calcium salts from supersaturated solutions. The concentration of the urinary Gla protein (16 mg/l) in human urine is well above the concentration required for the in vitro inhibition of salt precipitation.

Topics: Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Carbon-Carbon Ligases; Cattle; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Ligases; Male; Microsomes; Osteocalcin; Protein Precursors; Tissue Distribution; Urogenital System; Vitamin K

Topics: Aged; Cholelithiasis; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Ileum; Ischemia; Kidney Calculi; Lignin; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin K

Topics: Alkalies; Antacids; Citrates; Drug Therapy; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Inositol; Kidney Calculi; Magnesium; Penicillamine; Phosphates; Salicylates; Solvents; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins