vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Edema

Venous insufficiency following deep venous thrombosis is known as the post thrombotic syndrome. Whilst its presentation and symptoms can vary slightly between individuals, it can have a profound effect on quality of life. Symptoms range from mild limb swelling to severe intractable ulceration. A number of scoring systems have been developed to help monitor the disease progression, response to treatment as well as to classify patients for research purposes.Treatment involves a combination of therapies, including compression stockings, venous stenting for out flow obstruction and in some instances deep venous bypass. A considerable effort is made in preventing post thrombotic syndrome with a number of trials looking into the effect of prompt and stable anticoagulation, the effect of compression stockings, the effect of exercise and the outcomes following early thrombus removal strategies such as catheter directed and pharmacomechanical thrombolysis.

Topics: Anticoagulants; Disease Progression; Edema; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Mechanical Thrombolysis; Postthrombotic Syndrome; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Stents; Stockings, Compression; Treatment Outcome; Venous Thrombosis; Vitamin K

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Blood Protein Disorders; Bromides; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Carcinoid Tumor; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Drug Eruptions; Edema; Foot Dermatoses; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Keratosis; Leukemia; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Penicillamine; Pruritus; Skin Diseases; Skin Manifestations; Vitamin K; Xanthomatosis

Snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible the most snakebites in the Brazil, causing a diverse and complex pathophysiological condition. Bothrops erythromelas is the main specie of medical relevance found in the Caatinga from the Brazilian Northeast region. The pathophysiological effects involving B. erythromelas snakebite as well as the organism reaction in response to this envenomation are not so explored. Thus, edema was induced in mice paws using 2.5 μg or 5.0 μg of B. erythromelas venom, and the percentage of edema was measured. Plasma was collected 30  minutes after the envenomation-induced in mice and analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was identified a total of 112 common plasma proteins differentially abundant among experimental groups, which are involved with the complement system and coagulation cascades, oxidative stress, neutrophil degranulation, platelets degranulation and inflammatory response. Apolipoprotein A1 (Apoa), serum amyloid protein A-4 (Saa4), adiponectin (Adipoq) showed up-regulated in mice plasma after injection of venom, while fibulin (Fbln1), factor XII (F12) and vitamin K-dependent protein Z (Proz) showed down-regulated. The results indicate a protein pattern of thrombo-inflammation to the B. erythromelas snakebite, evidencing potential biomarkers for monitoring this snakebite, new therapeutic targets and its correlations with the degree of envenomation once showed modulations in the abundance among the different groups according to the amount of venom injected into the mice.

Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Apolipoprotein A-I; Bothrops; Crotalid Venoms; Edema; Factor XII; Mice; Plasma; Proteome; Serum Amyloid A Protein; Snake Bites; Snake Venoms; Vitamin K

Topics: Aminocaproic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Edema; Factor VII Deficiency; Factor VIIa; Hemostatics; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Recombinant Proteins; Shock; Tooth Extraction; Vitamin K

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Edema; Germ-Free Life; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipids; Methylene Blue; Oxidoreductases; Plethysmography; Pleural Effusion; Pyrogens; Rats; Sulfites; Time Factors; Turpentine; Vitamin K

Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Blood Coagulation; Carrageenan; Edema; Fibrin; Fibrinolysin; Heparin; Indenes; Male; Phenylbutazone; Prothrombin; Rats; Thrombin; Time Factors; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diarrhea; Disaccharides; Edema; Feces; Folic Acid; Glucose; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypokalemia; Hypoproteinemia; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Iron; Malabsorption Syndromes; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin K; Xylose

Topics: Acetylcholine; Aerosols; Albumins; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bradykinin; Bronchial Spasm; Edema; Erythema; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Gossypium; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; History of Medicine; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Irritants; Kaolin; Lung; Male; Prednisolone; Rats; Serotonin; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase; Body Height; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholestasis; Consanguinity; Edema; Fats; Feces; Female; Hemorrhage; Heterozygote; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Hyperlipidemias; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Pedigree; Pruritus; Tooth Discoloration; Transaminases; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Celiac Disease; Diet Therapy; Dwarfism; Edema; Glutens; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypokalemia; Hypoproteinemia; Hypoprothrombinemias; Kidney Diseases; Malabsorption Syndromes; Osteomalacia; Vitamin K

Topics: Diet; Diet Therapy; Dietary Proteins; Edema; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Kwashiorkor; Proteins; Serum Albumin; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anticoagulants; Ascites; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Edema; Humans; Hydroflumethiazide; Liver Cirrhosis; Neomycin; Organomercury Compounds; Spironolactone; Vitamin K; Vitamins